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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0205

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同灌水对黄淮冬小麦茎秆、产量及水分利用效率的影响

段国辉1(), 田文仲1, 高海涛1(), 杨洪强1, 张少澜1, 董中东2, 温红霞1, 吕树作1, 顾晶晶1   

  1. 1 洛阳市农林科学院,河南洛阳 471023
    2 河南农业大学,郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-15 修回日期:2023-06-01 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-02-01
  • 通讯作者:
    高海涛,男,1979年出生,河南宁陵人,研究员,硕士,主要从事高产优质小麦新品种选育方面的研究。通信地址:471023 洛阳市洛龙区农科路24号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    段国辉,男,1978年出生,洛阳偃师人,副研究员,本科,主要从事小麦遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址:471023 洛阳市洛龙区农科路24号,Tel:0379-65510650,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系“洛阳综合试验站”(CARS-3-76); 河南省重大科技专项“抗赤霉病优质小麦新品种选育关键技术研究与示范”(201300110800); 河南省农业良种联合攻关项目“高产多抗优质小麦新品种选育与应用”(2022010101); 河南省抗旱节水小麦育种工程技术研究中心研究成果

Effect of Different Irrigation Patterns on Stem Structure, Yield Composition and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Huanghuai Region

DUAN Guohui1(), TIAN Wenzhong1, GAO Haitao1(), YANG Hongqiang1, ZHANG Shaolan1, DONG Zhongdong2, WEN Hongxia1, LV Shuzuo1, GU Jingjing1   

  1. 1 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, Henan 471023
    2 Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046
  • Received:2023-02-15 Revised:2023-06-01 Published-:2024-02-01 Online:2024-02-01

摘要:

为了筛选节水品种,为品种生产种植提供管理指导,选取黄淮地区生产推广品种,在只施底肥(W0),底肥+拔节水(W1)和底肥+拔节水+孕穗水(W2)3种模式下,分析不同品种的株高及茎秆结构变化,产量构成变化和水分利用效率变化。结果表明:(1)相对于W0,W1处理下品种株高、穗下节、倒2节和倒3节增加显著,以穗下节增幅最大,而基部节间变化不显著,W2较W1株高增高,各节间有增加但不显著。相对于W0,W2处理下‘周麦18’和‘洛麦28’株高增幅最大,分别增加36.49%和35.30%;W1、W2处理下‘郑麦129’基部节间长最大,生产上利用时应注意肥水管理防止倒伏;(2)相对于W0,W1处理下品种单株成穗数和穗粒数增加显著,千粒重降低显著,产量增加显著。而相对于W1,W2处理下千粒重和产量增加显著,其他差异不显著;(3)相对于W0,W1处理下品种水分利用效率增加显著,且以‘丰德存12’和‘洛麦28’水分利用效率最高;相对于W1,W2处理下品种水分利用效率显著低于W1,仍以‘丰德存12’和‘洛麦28’水分利用效率最高。

关键词: 灌水模式, 黄淮地区, 冬小麦, 株高构成, 产量结构, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

To screen water-saving varieties and provide management guidance for variety production and planting, promotion varieties in the Huanghuai region were selected to analyze the changes in plant height and stem structure, yield composition, and water use efficiency (WUE) of different varieties under three modes: only base fertilizer (W0), base fertilizer+water at jointing stage (W1), and base fertilizer+water at jointing stage and grouting stage (W2). The results showed that: (1) compared to W0, the plant height, stem length under spike, the length of penultimate internode and the 3rd internode from top increased significantly under W1 treatment, with the largest increase in the stem length under spike, and the basal internode changes were not significant; compared to W1, there was an increase in plant height under W2 treatment, but the increase of each internode was not significant; compared to W0, the plant height of 'Zhoumai 18' and 'Luomai 28' increased significantly under W2, with increase of 36.49% and 35.30% respectively; under W1 and W2 treatments, the basal internode length of 'Zhengmai 129' was the largest, and attention should be paid to fertilizer and water management to prevent lodging during production and utilization; (2) compared to W0, under W1 treatment, ear number per plant and the number of grains per panicle increased significantly, and the thousand grain weight decreased significantly, resulting in a significant increase in yield; compared to W1, W2 treatment showed a significant increase in thousand grain weight and yield, while other differences were not significant; (3) compared to W0, WUE of varieties under W1 treatment increased significantly, and 'Fengdecun 12' and 'Luomai 28' had the highest WUE; compared to W1, WUE of varieties under W2 treatment was significantly lower than that under W1 treatment, with 'Fengdecun 12' and 'Luomai 28' still had the highest WUE.

Key words: irrigation patterns, Huanghuai region, winter wheat, plant height composition, yield composition, water use efficiency (WUE)