合理氮肥用量改善冬小麦土壤耕层细菌群落结构及理化性质研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对黄土高原地区冬小麦在不同施氮水平下土壤细菌群落多样性和理化性质的研究,揭示不同施氮量下土壤细菌群落结构的变化规律,为科学施肥以及土壤生态系统的可持续提供依据。本试验处理为5个不同施氮(N)量0 (N0)、90 (N6)、180 (N12)、240 (N16)、300 (N20) kg/hm²,N0处理为对照,采用高通量测序技术,研究不同施氮量对小麦耕层土壤细菌群落结构及理化性质的影响。结果表明：增施氮肥显著增加了土壤水稳性团聚体平均重量直径(MWD) (P<0.05)。随着施氮量的增加,土壤酶活性先升高后下降,在N12处理下土壤酶活性均最高。施氮量对土壤细菌多样性指数有显著影响。不同施氮量处理中土壤细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数为6.47×10¹⁰~15.18×10¹⁰,在N12处理达到最大值。在门水平上,15个样品获得的类群中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)为优势类群,其中N12处理显著提高变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度,且N12处理的酸杆菌门相对丰度最低。主成分分析结果表明N12处理与其他处理距离较远。冗余分析表明,土壤理化性质及土壤酶与细菌群落密切相关。因此,施氮量显著影响土壤细菌群落结构及理化性质,施氮量(N)为180 kg/hm²时有利于提高细菌群落多样性及改善土壤结构。

关键词: 施氮量, 土壤, 细菌群落结构, 理化性质, 冬小麦

Abstract:

Through the study of soil bacterial community diversity and soil physicochemical properties of winter wheat under different nitrogen application rates in the Loess Plateau, the changes of soil bacterial community structure under different nitrogen application rates are revealed, which can provide a basis for scientific fertilization and sustainable soil ecosystem. The experiment set treatments of 5 different nitrogen rates, which were 0 (N0), 90 (N6), 180 (N12), 240 (N16) and 300 (N20) kg/hm², and N0 treatment was used as a control. Using the high-throughput sequencing method, the effects of different nitrogen application rates on soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the soil water-stable aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) (P<0.05). With the increase of nitrogen application rate, soil enzyme activity first increased and then decreased, and the soil enzyme activity was the highest under N12 treatment. The nitrogen application rates had a significant effect on the soil bacterial diversity index. The 16S rRNA gene copy number of soil bacteria in different nitrogen application treatments was 6.47×10¹⁰ to 15.18×10¹⁰, which reached the maximum in N12 treatment. At the level of the phylum, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant in the 15 samples; N12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Nitrospira, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was the lowest in N12 treatment. Principal component analysis results showed that N12 treatment was far away from other treatments. Redundancy analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties and soil enzymes were closely related to bacterial communities. Therefore, the nitrogen application rate could significantly affect the soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties. When the nitrogen application rate is 180 kg/hm², it is beneficial to increasing the bacterial community diversity and improving the soil structure.

Key words: nitrogen application rate, soil, bacterial community structure, physicochemical properties, winter wheat

中图分类号:

S154.3

刘琪, 高志强, 杨珍平, 乔月静. 合理氮肥用量改善冬小麦土壤耕层细菌群落结构及理化性质研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(30): 77-84.

LIU Qi, GAO Zhiqiang, YANG Zhenping, QIAO Yuejing. Rational Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates Improving the Bacterial Community Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Winter Wheat Tillage Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(30): 77-84.

图/表 6

参考文献 31

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处理	pH	全氮/ (g/kg)	容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤重量含水率/ %	平均重量直径/ mm	蔗糖酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	脲酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	磷酸酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]
N0	8.00 a	1.36 a	1.54 a	10.75 c	1.36 c	13.47 c	0.59 c	1.74 ab
N6	7.98 a	1.36 a	1.49 b	11.74 b	1.17 cd	16.84 b	0.57 c	1.59 b
N12	7.98 a	1.40 a	1.40 c	12.52 a	2.46 a	18.24 ab	0.87 a	1.94 a
N16	7.94 b	1.46 a	1.39 c	12.37 a	1.87 b	19.42 a	0.86 a	1.79 ab
N20	7.92 b	1.35 a	1.39 c	12.29 a	0.86 d	12.77 c	0.72 b	1.71 ab

处理	pH	全氮/ (g/kg)	容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤重量含水率/ %	平均重量直径/ mm	蔗糖酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	脲酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	磷酸酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]
N0	8.00 a	1.36 a	1.54 a	10.75 c	1.36 c	13.47 c	0.59 c	1.74 ab
N6	7.98 a	1.36 a	1.49 b	11.74 b	1.17 cd	16.84 b	0.57 c	1.59 b
N12	7.98 a	1.40 a	1.40 c	12.52 a	2.46 a	18.24 ab	0.87 a	1.94 a
N16	7.94 b	1.46 a	1.39 c	12.37 a	1.87 b	19.42 a	0.86 a	1.79 ab
N20	7.92 b	1.35 a	1.39 c	12.29 a	0.86 d	12.77 c	0.72 b	1.71 ab

处理	序列数	Chao1指数	ACE指数	Shannon指数	Simpson指数
N0	40061a	2335.12b	2521.09b	10.26c	0.99845a
N6	28861b	2560.50b	2751.35b	10.30c	0.99850a
N12	34362ab	3229.18a	3316.93a	10.41a	0.99863a
N16	32653ab	3052.21a	3286.77a	10.36b	0.99826a
N20	32019ab	2802.14b	2872.81b	10.36b	0.99847a

处理	序列数	Chao1指数	ACE指数	Shannon指数	Simpson指数
N0	40061a	2335.12b	2521.09b	10.26c	0.99845a
N6	28861b	2560.50b	2751.35b	10.30c	0.99850a
N12	34362ab	3229.18a	3316.93a	10.41a	0.99863a
N16	32653ab	3052.21a	3286.77a	10.36b	0.99826a
N20	32019ab	2802.14b	2872.81b	10.36b	0.99847a