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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 89-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0732

所属专题: 小麦

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田与生物炭配施对麦-玉轮作体系产量和氮素利用率的影响

付梦雪1(), 吴名宇1, 韩碧波1, 张倩1, 韩燕来1, 谭金芳2, 李培培1, 张涛3, 李慧1()   

  1. 1河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450002
    2中山大学农学院,广州 510275
    3方城县农产品质量检测站,河南南阳 473200
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-29 修回日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 李慧
  • 作者简介:付梦雪,女,1994年出生,河南郑州人,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物营养与施肥。通信地址: 450002 河南省郑州金水区农业路63号 河南农业大学资源与环境学院,Tel:0371-63555504,E-mail: mengxuefu102@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“豫北夏玉米化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0200606);河南省重点研发与推广专项“玉米秸秆腐解关键微生物的识别与腐熟效果评价”

Effects of Straw Returning and Biochar Application on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat-maize Rotation

Fu Mengxue1(), Wu Mingyu1, Han Bibo1, Zhang Qian1, Han Yanlai1, Tan Jinfang2, Li Peipei1, Zhang Tao3, Li Hui1()   

  1. 1College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
    2College of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
    3Station of Agricultural Product Quality Inspection in Fangcheng County, Nanyang Henan 473200
  • Received:2020-11-29 Revised:2021-01-05 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-16
  • Contact: Li Hui

摘要:

通过探究秸秆还田与生物炭配施对麦-玉轮作体系产量和氮素利用率的影响,为黄褐土粮食生产科学施肥提供指导。本研究选取不施肥(CK)、单施生物炭(B)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施秸秆(NPKS)、化肥配施生物炭(NPKB)和化肥配施生物炭和秸秆处理(NPKBS),分析不同处理对作物产量、养分含量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:秸秆与生物炭配施化肥均可显著提高作物穗粒数、产量、土壤全氮、碱解氮、植株籽粒氮积累量;秸秆与生物炭配施化肥均可以显著提高氮素利用率,且小麦利用率高于玉米,真实利用率较当季利用率提高了17.72%~37.43%,其中化肥配施生物炭和秸秆效果最好。综上,化肥配施生物炭和秸秆可以显著提高作物产量,提高氮素真实利用率。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 生物炭, 冬小麦-夏玉米, 氮素利用率, 产量

Abstract:

To provide guidance for fertilization and grain production on yellow cinnamon soil, straw returning combined with biochar applying was employed to exam the effect on grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. The experiments were conducted with CK (no fertilization), B (only biochar), NPK (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer), NPKS (NPK + straw returning), NPKB (NPK + biochar) and NPKBS (NPKS + biochar), to analyze the effects of different treatments on crop yield, nutrient content and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that straw and biochar combined with chemical fertilizer could significantly increase grain number per spike, yield, soil available nitrogen and total nitrogen contents, and the nitrogen accumulation in the plant and the grain, and improve the nitrogen use efficiency significantly; the effect of the fertilization on winter wheat was better than that on summer maize, the nitrogen utilization in reality was 17.72%-37.43% higher than of current season, and the NPKBS showed the best effects on the nitrogen efficiency. To sum up, chemical fertilizer combined with biochar and straw could significantly improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: straw returning, biochar, winter wheat-summer maize, nitrogen utilization efficiency, yield

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