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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 30-37.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0488

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于不同夏作物-冬小麦种植制度的黄土高原东部农田土壤物理质量研究

刘昌斌1(), 祁泽伟1, 马茹1, 徐伟1, 张泽燕1, 郑海泽2, 薛建福1()   

  1. 1山西农业大学农学院/作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室,山西太谷 030801
    2山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾 041000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-09 修回日期:2021-08-13 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 薛建福
  • 作者简介:刘昌斌,男,1998年出生,山西阳泉人,硕士,主要从事农作制度与农田生态相关研究。通信地址:030801 山西省晋中市太谷区铭贤南路1号 山西农业大学(太谷校区)农学院,E-mail: lzxtxm@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省应用基础研究项目“旱地麦后复种绿肥的水肥高效利用与协同固碳机理研究”(201801D121249);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“现代农业产业技术体系建设专项食用豆体系”(CARS-08-G10)

Assessment of Physical Quality of Farmland Soil on the Eastern Loess Plateau Under Different Summer Crops-Winter Wheat Farming Systems

LIU Changbin1(), QI Zewei1, MA Ru1, XU Wei1, ZHANG Zeyan1, ZHENG Haize2, XUE Jianfu1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University/ Institute of Crop Sciences, Crop Ecology and Dry Cultivation Physiology Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801
    2Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000
  • Received:2021-05-09 Revised:2021-08-13 Online:2022-04-15 Published:2022-05-18
  • Contact: XUE Jianfu

摘要:

黄土高原东部农田土壤物理质量下降是限制该地区农业生产的重要因素之一,合理的种植制度能够改善土壤物理质量。本试验于2016年设置连续夏绿豆-冬小麦(MB-WW,T1)、2年夏玉米-冬小麦+2年夏绿豆-冬小麦(2 a SC-WW+2 a MB-WW,T2)及连续夏休闲-冬小麦(SF-WW,T3) 3种种植制度,分析实施第3和4年的土壤物理质量,以探索潜在的适宜于改善研究区土壤物理质量的种植制度。结果表明:T1处理下冬小麦收获后0~30 cm各土层毛管孔隙度较T2和T3处理分别显著提高了19.20~28.49%和18.86~31.86%。此外T1处理夏播作物收获后,10~20 cm土层土壤储水量较T2显著增加了6.37%,20~30 cm土层土壤质量含水量和储水量较T2处理分别显著增加了7.87%和4.70%。相较于T3,冬小麦和夏播作物收获后T1和T2处理下土壤容重、总孔隙度和土壤固、液、气三相比偏离值没有得到明显的改善。综上所述,绿豆-冬小麦种植制度对土壤物理质量有一定的改善,采用连续夏绿豆-冬小麦种植制度可能是改善黄土高原东部农田土壤物理质量潜在的措施之一。

关键词: 土壤退化, 种植制度, 夏播作物, 冬小麦, 土壤物理质量, 黄土高原东部

Abstract:

The degradation of farmland soil physical quality is one of the important factors limiting agricultural production on the eastern Loess Plateau. A reasonable farming system could improve soil physical quality. This experiment was carried out with three different farming systems since 2016, including continuous summer mung bean-winter wheat (MB-WW, T1), 2 years’ summer maize-winter wheat + 2 years’ summer mung bean-winter wheat (2a SC-WW+2a MB-WW, T2) and continuous summer fallow-winter wheat (SF-WW, T3). In the 3rd and 4th year of the experiment, soil physical quality was assessed to find a potential farming system for improving soil quality in this region. The results showed that under T1, the capillary porosity in the 0-30 cm of soil profile after harvest of winter wheat increased significantly by 19.20%-28.49% and 18.86%-31.86% compared with that under T2 and T3, respectively. In addition, compared with those of T2, soil water storage of T1 significantly increased by 6.37% in the 10-20 cm soil layer after harvest of summer crops, soil mass water content increased by 7.87% and soil water storage increased by 4.70% in the 20-30 cm soil layer. However, compared with T3, there was no significant improvement of soil bulk density, total porosity, and the deviation values of soil solid-liquid-gas phases of T1 and T2 after harvest of winter wheat and summer crops. In conclusion, the farming system of mung bean-winter wheat could improve soil physical quality to a certain extent, and the adoption of continuous summer mung bean-winter wheat cropping system might be one of the potential measures to improve soil physical quality of farmland on the eastern Loess Plateau.

Key words: soil degradation, farming system, summer crops, winter wheat, soil physical quality, the eastern Loess Plateau

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