微量元素喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对不同生育期小麦叶面喷施不同浓度微量元素,探究冬小麦对微量元素的吸收和利用。采用大田试验,设置1倍(B1)、50倍(B2)、100倍(B3)和500倍(B4)四个浓度处理（等量水为对照）,喷施时期为苗期(A1)、苗期+拔节期(A2)、苗期+拔节期+扬花期(A3)、拔节期(A4)、拔节期+扬花期(A5)和扬花期(A6),测定成熟期产量及籽粒微量元素含量。不同处理下产量变化范围为3741~6204 kg/hm²,A4B4处理下产量最优,相对于对照产量增加了39.52%。锌(Zn)变化范围为31.07~44.68 mg/kg,A3B1处理下Zn含量最高。铜(Cu)变化范围为1.75~28.67 mg/kg,A1B1处理下Cu含量最高。铁(Fe)变化范围为73.62~203.99 mg/kg,A3B1处理下Fe含量最高。锰(Mn)变化范围为36.48~55.56 mg/kg,A6B4处理下Mn含量最高。相对于对照,Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn含量分别提高了37.86%、1650%、148%和26.82%。拔节期喷施高浓度微量元素对增产最有利,不同喷施时期和喷施浓度影响微量元素的利用效率。

关键词: 小麦, 冬小麦, 微量元素, 叶面喷施, 大田试验, 产量, 微量元素含量

Abstract:

The absorption and utilization of trace elements in winter wheat were studied by spraying different concentrations of trace elements at different stages of wheat growth. A field experiment was designed with 1-fold (B1), 50-fold (B2), 100-fold (B3) and 500-fold (B4) at seedling stage (A1), seedling stage + elongation stage (A2), seedling stage + elongation stage + flowering stage (A3), elongation stage (A4), elongation stage + flowering stage (A5) and flowering stage (A6) by foliar spraying of trace elements (equal amount of water as the control). The yield and trace elements concentration in grains were determined. The yield variation ranged from 3741 to 6204 kg/hm2 under different treatments. The optimal yield was increased by 39.52% compared with that of the control under A4B4 treatment. The variation range of Zn was 31.07-44.68 mg/kg with the highest Zn concentration under A3B1 treatment. Copper (Cu) ranged from 1.75 to 28.67 mg/kg with the highest Cu concentration under A1B1 treatment. The variation range of iron (Fe) was 73.62-203.99 mg/kg with the highest Fe concentration under A3B1 treatment. The variation range of manganese (Mn) was 36.48-55.56 mg/kg with the highest Mn concentration under A6B4 treatment. The contents of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were increased by 37.86%, 1650%, 148% and 26.82% respectively compared with those of the control. Application of high concentration of trace elements at elongation stage is the most beneficial to increase the yield. Different spraying stages and concentrations affect the utilization efficiency of trace elements.

Key words: wheat, winter wheat, trace element, foliar spraying, field experiment, grain yield, microelement concentration

中图分类号:

S147.34

许亚芳, 王云, 任帅帅, 秦世玉, 赵鹏. 微量元素喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(12): 10-17.

Xu Yafang, Wang Yun, Ren Shuaishuai, Qin Shiyu, Zhao Peng. Foliar Spraying of Microelements: Effect on Grain Yield and Trace Element Contents of Wheat Seed[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(12): 10-17.

图/表 10

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喷施时期	喷施浓度	产量/(kg/hm²)	穗数/(万个/hm²)	穗粒数/(No./spike)	千粒重/g
CK		4447±446cde	297.74±43.21cd	29.55±1.85de	51.87±0.67cde
A1	B1	3741±150e	208.33±9.55e	34.25±0.75abcd	52.54±0.87cde
	B2	4401±602de	245.87±35.11de	35.80±0.71ab	50.16±0.59cde
	B3	5327±313abcd	371.01±35.51ab	29.20±2.75de	50.34±0.61cde
	B4	5465±422ab	359.36±34.11abc	29.90±1.49cde	51.36±0.44cde
A2	B1	5643±203ab	382.33±15.11a	27.98±1.08e	52.89±0.64bcde
	B2	5169±390bcd	331.73±27.59abc	27.28±2.50e	58.51±4.56ab
	B3	5628±391ab	381.01±30.32a	30.75±1.44bcde	48.28±0.45de
	B4	6141±463ab	370.32±23.37ab	31.53±1.11bcde	52.61±0.88cde
A3	B1	5982±365ab	329.14±12.30abc	34.08±2.48abcd	53.57±0.62bcd
	B2	5748±254ab	293.49±10.99cd	37.23±1.25a	52.71±1.24cde
	B3	6060±281ab	373.01±14.95a	30.43±1.19cde	53.52±1.13bcd
	B4	5718±356ab	325.30±14.85abc	32.40±1.32abcd	54.25±1.14bc
A4	B1	5862±370ab	349.95±28.86abc	30.90±0.85bcde	54.51±0.42bc
	B2	5426±453abc	300.67±24.29bcd	30.73±2.95bcde	60.25±5.87a
	B3	5968±238ab	378.59±17.42a	29.58±1.11cde	53.52±1.89bcd
	B4	6204±172a	372.72±30.20a	31.63±1.80bcde	53.39±0.65bcd
A5	B1	5737±346ab	384.98±22.23a	31.88±1.47abcde	47.31±3.52e
	B2	5789±353ab	349.46±14.85abc	30.90±0.48bcde	53.50±0.96bcd
	B3	5965±320ab	363.34±12.26abc	30.83±1.68bcde	53.36±0.72bcd
	B4	5470±406ab	344.15±29.28abc	29.30±1.60de	54.66±1.43abc
A6	B1	5394±518abcd	354.88±37.06abc	30.78±1.25bcde	49.78±2.20cde
	B2	5242±242abcd	317.18±28.59abcd	34.90±5.02abc	49.50±3.48cde
	B3	5749±309ab	320.25±24.18abc	34.23±2.17abcd	53.06±1.50bcd
	B4	5760±195ab	327.57±13.69abc	32.10±1.32abcde	54.96±0.46abc
变异系数CV/%		10.49	12.89	7.67	5.34

喷施时期	喷施浓度	产量/(kg/hm²)	穗数/(万个/hm²)	穗粒数/(No./spike)	千粒重/g
CK		4447±446cde	297.74±43.21cd	29.55±1.85de	51.87±0.67cde
A1	B1	3741±150e	208.33±9.55e	34.25±0.75abcd	52.54±0.87cde
	B2	4401±602de	245.87±35.11de	35.80±0.71ab	50.16±0.59cde
	B3	5327±313abcd	371.01±35.51ab	29.20±2.75de	50.34±0.61cde
	B4	5465±422ab	359.36±34.11abc	29.90±1.49cde	51.36±0.44cde
A2	B1	5643±203ab	382.33±15.11a	27.98±1.08e	52.89±0.64bcde
	B2	5169±390bcd	331.73±27.59abc	27.28±2.50e	58.51±4.56ab
	B3	5628±391ab	381.01±30.32a	30.75±1.44bcde	48.28±0.45de
	B4	6141±463ab	370.32±23.37ab	31.53±1.11bcde	52.61±0.88cde
A3	B1	5982±365ab	329.14±12.30abc	34.08±2.48abcd	53.57±0.62bcd
	B2	5748±254ab	293.49±10.99cd	37.23±1.25a	52.71±1.24cde
	B3	6060±281ab	373.01±14.95a	30.43±1.19cde	53.52±1.13bcd
	B4	5718±356ab	325.30±14.85abc	32.40±1.32abcd	54.25±1.14bc
A4	B1	5862±370ab	349.95±28.86abc	30.90±0.85bcde	54.51±0.42bc
	B2	5426±453abc	300.67±24.29bcd	30.73±2.95bcde	60.25±5.87a
	B3	5968±238ab	378.59±17.42a	29.58±1.11cde	53.52±1.89bcd
	B4	6204±172a	372.72±30.20a	31.63±1.80bcde	53.39±0.65bcd
A5	B1	5737±346ab	384.98±22.23a	31.88±1.47abcde	47.31±3.52e
	B2	5789±353ab	349.46±14.85abc	30.90±0.48bcde	53.50±0.96bcd
	B3	5965±320ab	363.34±12.26abc	30.83±1.68bcde	53.36±0.72bcd
	B4	5470±406ab	344.15±29.28abc	29.30±1.60de	54.66±1.43abc
A6	B1	5394±518abcd	354.88±37.06abc	30.78±1.25bcde	49.78±2.20cde
	B2	5242±242abcd	317.18±28.59abcd	34.90±5.02abc	49.50±3.48cde
	B3	5749±309ab	320.25±24.18abc	34.23±2.17abcd	53.06±1.50bcd
	B4	5760±195ab	327.57±13.69abc	32.10±1.32abcde	54.96±0.46abc
变异系数CV/%		10.49	12.89	7.67	5.34

	变异来源	自由度df	平方和	均方	F值	Pr (>F)
主区部分	区组	3	1408327.5	469442.5	0.68	0.577807
	A	5	14665631.9	2933126.4	4.27*	0.012931
	Ea	15	10311836.9	687455.8
	主区总变异	23	26385796.32			Pr(>F)
副区部分	B	3	4830635.1	1610211.7	3.54*	0.020505
	A×B	15	7915882.6	527725.5	1.16	0.330128
	Eb	54	24578981.7	455166.3
总变异		95	63711295.7

	变异来源	自由度df	平方和	均方	F值	Pr (>F)
主区部分	区组	3	1408327.5	469442.5	0.68	0.577807
	A	5	14665631.9	2933126.4	4.27*	0.012931
	Ea	15	10311836.9	687455.8
	主区总变异	23	26385796.32			Pr(>F)
副区部分	B	3	4830635.1	1610211.7	3.54*	0.020505
	A×B	15	7915882.6	527725.5	1.16	0.330128
	Eb	54	24578981.7	455166.3
总变异		95	63711295.7

	变异来源	自由度df	平方和	均方	F值	Pr(>F)
主区部分	区组	3	430.43	143.48	2.47	0.102
	A	5	401.77	80.35	1.38	0.287
	误差a	15	871.68	58.11
	主区总变异	23	1703.88
副区部分	B	3	108.53	36.18	1.14	0.341
	A×B	15	700.56	46.7	1.47	0.15
	误差b	54	1713.07	31.72
总变异		95	4226.03