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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (27): 6-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0360

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

胶东半湿润区滴灌制度对冬小麦农田土壤水分、作物生长及水分利用的影响

王志军(), 王碧胜, 孙筱璐, 徐梦杰, 杨晓慧, 侯靳锦, 房全孝()   

  1. 青岛农业大学 耕作与生态实验室,山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-06 修回日期:2021-05-30 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 房全孝
  • 作者简介:王志军,男,1995年出生,山东聊城人,研究生,研究方向：冬小麦土壤水分。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号 青岛农业大学作物生态学与耕作制度教研室,E-mail： 1600400511@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“作物水分利用及产量形成对水分胁迫的响应模拟与亏缺灌溉精确调控”(662-31671627);青岛农业大学博士基金“玉米农田土壤团聚体有机碳及其增产机制分析”(663-1120069)

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Schedules on Soil Moisture, Wheat Growth and Water Use at Jiaodong Semi-humid Region

Wang Zhijun(), Wang Bisheng, Sun Xiaolu, Xu Mengjie, Yang Xiaohui, Hou Jinjin, Fang Quanxiao()   

  1. Qingdao Agricultural University, Laboratory of Farming and Ecology, Qingdao Shandong 266109
  • Received:2021-04-06 Revised:2021-05-30 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Fang Quanxiao

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摘要：

针对胶东地区冬小麦生育期内降雨和灌溉水资源明显不足问题,通过研究滴灌条件下灌溉制度对土壤水分、冬小麦生长及水分利用的影响,探究该地区冬小麦最优灌溉模式。试验实施从2016到2019年,共3季冬小麦,灌溉方式为滴灌,共设置4种处理：T1：不灌水;T2：拔节期灌水40 mm;T3：开花期灌水40 mm;T4：拔节期和开花期分别灌水40 mm。结果表明：（1）拔节期灌溉（T2和T4）在0~30、30~60、60~90 cm土壤体积含水量分别为16.0%、25.5%、25.1%,比不灌水处理(T1)分别提高25.9%、5.5%、4.7%,贮水量为204.9 mm,比不灌水处理(T1)提高6.5%,叶面积指数为2.9,比不灌水处理(T1)提高26.3%,生物量为6124.8 kg/hm2,比不灌水处理(T1)提高29.0%。（2）开花期灌溉（T3和T4）在0~30、30~60、60~90 cm土壤体积含水量分别为12.8%、22.7%、22.8%,与不灌水处理(T1)相比分别提高36.6%、11.2%、6.7%,贮水量为188.7 mm,比不灌水处理(T1)提高12.8%,叶面积指数为2.2,比不灌水处理(T1)提高24.3%,生物量为10781.0 kg/hm2,比不灌水处理(T1)提高24.2%;（3）与不灌水处理(T1)相比,3年的试验结果表明拔节期灌溉(T2)可提高产量16.5%,耗水量增加13.0%,水分利用效率增加2.7%,开花期灌溉(T3)产量增加26.4%,耗水量增加13.3%,水分利用效率增加11.0%,两次灌溉(T4)产量增加22.7%,耗水量增加23.9%,但是水分利用效率降低2.0%。不同灌水处理（T2、T3和T4）3年结果相比较,T3比T2的叶面积指数增加5.8%,生物量增加5.7%,产量增加9.0%,耗水量之间无显著差异,水分利用效率增加8.7%,灌溉水利用效率增加138.5%。与T4处理相比,T3处理的生物量和产量接近,耗水量降低8.7%,但是水分利用效率增加13.4%,灌溉水利用效率平均增加160.4%。综合考虑不同灌溉制度对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用的影响,滴灌条件下在开花期灌水（T3处理）可作为胶东半岛砂姜黑土区冬小麦最优灌溉制度。

关键词: 滴灌, 灌溉制度, 冬小麦, 水份利用效率, 土壤水分

Abstract:

To cope with the obvious shortage of rainfall and irrigation water resources in winter wheat season at Jiaodong area, the effects of different irrigation schedules on soil moisture, winter wheat growth and water use efficiency were studied to explore the optimal irrigation mode for winter wheat. The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2019 using drip irrigation method, four treatments of T1 (no irrigation), T2 (jointing stage irrigation, 40 mm), T3 (flowering stage irrigation, 40 mm) and T4 (jointing stage and flowering stage irrigation, 40 mm each) were designed with 3 replicates. The results showed that: (1) at jointing stage, the volume water content of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil in T2 and T4 was 16.0%, 25.5% and 25.1% respectively, which was higher than that of T1 by 25.9%, 5.5% and 4.7%, respectively; the soil water storage was 204.9 mm, which was 6.5% higher than that of T1, the leaf area index was 2.9, 26.3% higher than that of T1, and the biomass was 6124.8 kg/hm2, 29.0% higher than that of T1. (2) At flowering stage, the volume water content of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm for T3 and T4 was 12.8%, 22.7% and 22.8%, which was 36.6%, 11.2% and 6.7% higher than that of T1, respectively; the soil water storage, leaf area index and biomass were 188.7 mm, 2.2 and 10781.0 kg/hm2, 12.8%, 24.3% and 24.2% higher than that of T1. (3) Compared with T1, T2 showed higher grain yield by 16.5%, water consumption increased by 13.0%, and water use efficiency increased by 2.7%, and T3 showed higher grain yield by 26.4%, higher water consumption by 13.3%, and higher water use efficiency by 11.0%. the yield of T4 increased by 22.7%, water consumption increased by 23.9%, but water use efficiency decreased by 2.0%. Comparison among T2, T3 and T4 showed that the leaf area index, biomass and yield of T3 were 5.8%, 5.7% and 9.0% higher than that of T2, respectively, water consumption had little difference, water use efficiency increased by 8.7%, irrigation water use efficiency increase by 138.5%. Compared with T4, the biomass and yield of T3 had little difference, the water consumption decreased by 8.7%, but showed higher water use efficiency by 13.4%, and irrigation water use efficiency increased by 160.4%. Based on the three-year results, drip irrigation at flowering stage (T3 treatment) with 40 mm could be considered as the optimal irrigation schedule for winter wheat at the area.

Key words: drip irrigation, irrigation schedule, winter wheat, water use efficiency, soil water

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