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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (19): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0078

所属专题: 生物技术 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

浅埋滴灌下分期追氮对玉米花后光合特性、氮素利用和产量的影响

葛选良1(), 杨恒山1(), 赵培军2, 刘晶1, 张雨珊1   

  1. 1内蒙古民族大学农学院/内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽 028000
    2乌兰察布市农业科学院,内蒙古兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-08 修回日期:2022-04-07 出版日期:2022-07-05 发布日期:2022-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 杨恒山
  • 作者简介:葛选良,男,1984年出生,内蒙古通辽人,讲师,博士,主要从事玉米高产高效栽培技术研究。通信地址:028000 内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区霍林河大街西536号,Tel:0475-8314809,E-mail: gexuanliang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“西辽河平原灌区玉米连作秸秆连年还田土壤团聚体有机碳的固存特征与调控机制”(32060435);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金项目“浅埋滴灌玉米秸秆持续还田土壤质量特征与调控效应的研究”(BS558);内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项课题“内蒙古东部高效节能水肥一体化技术研究”(KJXM2020001-05)

Effects of Nitrogen Top-dressing by Stages on Yield and Post-flowering Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization of Maize Under Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation

GE Xuanliang1(), YANG Hengshan1(), ZHAO Peijun2, LIU Jing1, ZHANG Yushan1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy of Inner Mongolia National University/ Engineering Research Center of Forage Crops of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    2Ulanqab Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia 012000
  • Received:2022-02-08 Revised:2022-04-07 Online:2022-07-05 Published:2022-07-13
  • Contact: YANG Hengshan

摘要:

为研究浅埋滴灌下不同氮肥追施方式玉米花后光合特性、氮素利用和产量形成的差异,以氮肥一次性追施(CK)和氮肥分期追施(NFQ) 2种氮肥追施方式的玉米为研究对象,对其花后叶源特性、光合特性、氮素利用和产量及产量构成因素进行比较分析。结果表明,2018—2020年NFQ花后叶源特性显著优于CK,其叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值和叶片氮素含量分别平均较CK提高了6.35%、11.02%和5.34%。NFQ花后光合特性亦显著优于CK,其净光合速率、瞬时光能利用率、瞬时水分利用效率和瞬时羧化速率分别平均较CK提高了6.98%、4.28%、20.49%和12.73%。NFQ氮素积累转运量均显著高于CK,其氮素积累量和转运量分别平均较CK提高了23.73%和19.29%。NFQ产量均显著高于CK,试验年份平均增产9.40%,穗粒数和千粒重的显著提高是增产的主要原因。本研究认为,西辽河平原井灌区玉米生产的适宜氮肥追施方式为拔节期、大口期、吐丝期按3:6:1比例追施。

关键词: 浅埋滴灌, 分期追氮, 玉米, 氮素利用, 产量

Abstract:

To study the differences of post-flowering photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization and yield formation of maize with different nitrogen fertilizer top-dressing methods under shallow-burial drip irrigation, the maize with one-time top-dressing (CK) and top-dressing by stages (NFQ) of nitrogen were taken as the research object, and the post-flowering leaf source characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen utilization, as well as the yield and yield components were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the post-flowering leaf source characteristics of NFQ were significantly better than those of CK from 2018 to 2020, and the leaf area index, chlorophyll SPAD value and leaf nitrogen content of NFQ increased by 6.35%, 11.02% and 5.34%, respectively. The post-flowering photosynthetic characteristics of NFQ were also significantly better than those of CK, and net photosynthetic rate, instantaneous light energy use efficiency, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation rate of NFQ increased by 6.98%, 4.28%, 20.49% and 12.73%, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation and transport amount of NFQ were significantly higher than those of CK, increased by 23.73% and 19.29% respectively; the yield of NFQ was significantly higher than that of CK, with an average increase of 9.40% in the experimental years, and the significant increase of kernel number per ear and 1000-kernel weight was the main reason for the yield increase. This study recommended that the suitable nitrogen fertilizer top-dressing method for maize production in the well-irrigated area of the West Liaohe Plain should be top-dressing at a ratio of 3:6:1 at the jointing stage, the big flare stage and the silking stage.

Key words: shallow-buried drip irrigation, top-dressing by stages, maize, nitrogen utilization, yield

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