番茄滴灌水氮耦合效应与模式研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0190

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明番茄高产优质高效生产的灌溉施肥制度和最优水氮耦合模式,开展了不同滴灌水氮耦合方式对番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响的田间试验。结果表明：与F₀W₀（土施100% N肥基肥,降雨+补充滴灌灌水）相比,F₂W₂（交替滴灌方式施用100% N肥和80%常规灌水量）、F₃W₂（土施40% N肥基肥-交替滴灌方式追施60% N肥和80%常规灌水量）、F₄W₂（固定滴灌方式施用100% N肥和80%常规灌水量）和F₅W₂（土施40% N肥基肥-固定滴灌方式追施60% N肥和80%常规灌水量）分别提高产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力;F₂W₂处理Vc、水溶性糖含量和糖酸比分别提高42.5%、25.5%和131.9%;由主成分分析评价可知F₂W₂为番茄综合品质最优处理;用TOPSIS法评价番茄产量、品质和水氮利用可得F₂W₂为综合效益最优处理。因此,交替滴灌方式施用100% N肥和80%常规灌水量处理是最优水氮耦合模式。

关键词: 水氮耦合, 交替滴灌, 产量, 品质, 水氮利用, 番茄

Abstract:

To explore the irrigation and fertilization system and the optimal coupling mode of water and nitrogen (N) for high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency of tomato production under drip irrigation, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and N coupling modes on tomato yield, quality, and water and N use under drip irrigation. The results showed that compared with F₀W₀ (100% N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer and rainfall + supplementary drip irrigation), F₂W₂ (100% N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation and 80% conventional irrigation amount), F₃W₂ (40% N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer, 60% N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation as topdressing and 80% conventional irrigation amount), F₄W₂ (100% N fertilizer via fixed drip irrigation and 80% conventional irrigation amount) and F₅W₂ (40% N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer, 60% N fertilizer via fixed drip irrigation as topdressing and 80% conventional irrigation amount) increased tomato yield, water use efficiency and partial productivity of N fertilizer. F₂W₂enhanced vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar/acid ratio of tomato by 42.5%, 25.5% and 131.9%, respectively. F₂W₂ had the optimal comprehensive quality of tomato evaluated by principal component analysis, and the optimal comprehensive benefit of tomato yield, quality, and water and N use evaluated by TOPSIS. Therefore, 100% N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation and 80% conventional irrigation amount (F₂W₂) is the optimal coupling mode of water and N for tomato under drip irrigation.

Key words: water and nitrogen coupling, alternate drip irrigation, yield, quality, water and nitrogen use, tomato

中图分类号:

S147

罗慧, 李伏生. 番茄滴灌水氮耦合效应与模式研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(3): 30-36.

LUO Hui, LI Fusheng. Water and Nitrogen Coupling Effects and Model Under Tomato Drip Irrigation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(3): 30-36.

图/表 8

参考文献 26

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处理	N基肥比例	各生育期追施N比例/%								各生育期灌水量/mm
	N基肥比例	苗期		开花期		果实膨大期		果实成熟期		苗期		开花期		果实膨大期		果实成熟期
	10-25	11-5	11-12	11-20	11-27	12-4	12-12	12-20	12-30	11-5	11-12	11-20	11-27	12-4	12-12	12-20	12-30
F₀W₀	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	43.2	0	47.5	0	45.6	0
F₁W₁	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	57.3	60.1	63.2	59.4	64.2	58.5	64.7	61.6
F₂W₁	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	57.3	60.1	63.2	59.4	64.2	58.5	64.7	61.6
F₂W₂	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3
F₃W₂	40	3	3	9	9	9	9	9	9	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3
F₄W₁	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	57.3	60.1	63.2	59.4	64.2	58.5	64.7	61.6
F₄W₂	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3
F₅W₂	40	3	3	9	9	9	9	9	9	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3

处理	N基肥比例	各生育期追施N比例/%								各生育期灌水量/mm
	N基肥比例	苗期		开花期		果实膨大期		果实成熟期		苗期		开花期		果实膨大期		果实成熟期
	10-25	11-5	11-12	11-20	11-27	12-4	12-12	12-20	12-30	11-5	11-12	11-20	11-27	12-4	12-12	12-20	12-30
F₀W₀	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	43.2	0	47.5	0	45.6	0
F₁W₁	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	57.3	60.1	63.2	59.4	64.2	58.5	64.7	61.6
F₂W₁	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	57.3	60.1	63.2	59.4	64.2	58.5	64.7	61.6
F₂W₂	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3
F₃W₂	40	3	3	9	9	9	9	9	9	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3
F₄W₁	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	57.3	60.1	63.2	59.4	64.2	58.5	64.7	61.6
F₄W₂	0	5	5	15	15	15	15	15	15	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3
F₅W₂	40	3	3	9	9	9	9	9	9	45.8	48.1	50.6	47.5	51.4	46.8	51.8	49.3

处理	果实含水率/%	果型指数	果实硬度	番茄红素/ (mg/100 g)	维生素C/ (mg/100 g)	可溶性固形物/%	水溶性糖/%	有机酸/%	糖酸比
F₀W₀	91.0±0.4a	0.87±0.03a	5.4±0.4b	9.5±1.3a	18.1±2e	7.3±0.3a	5.1±0.6c	0.45±0.04a	11.6±1.4d
F₁W₁	91.6±0.9a	0.87±0.02a	6.2±0.3ab	9.8±0.3a	19.8±0.6de	8.0±0.1a	5.2±0.1c	0.26±0.02b	20.0±1.3bc
F₂W₁	92.2±0.4a	0.88±0.02a	6.0±0.4b	9.8±0.9a	22.2±1.2bcd	7.6±0.4a	6.4±0.4a	0.30±0.03b	21.6±2.6ab
F₂W₂	92.3±0.6a	0.88±0.03a	5.7±0.4b	9.7±0.9a	25.8±2.1a	7.9±0.4a	6.3±0.5ab	0.24±0.03b	26.9±5.3a
F₃W₂	91.3±0.9a	0.88±0.01a	6.3±0.8ab	10.1±2.5a	24.3±1.6ab	8.0±0.3a	5.9±0.2abc	0.40±0.07a	15.0±2.5cd
F₄W₁	92.1±1.2a	0.89±0.03a	6.4±0.7ab	9.6±1.6a	21.1±2cd	7.3±0.3a	5.5±0.5bc	0.30±0.03b	18.4±3.1bc
F₄W₂	91.3±0.8a	0.88±0.03a	7.3±0.6a	8.7±1.0a	23.8±1.5abc	7.4±0.7a	5.9±0.7abc	0.29±0.05b	20.7±4.3bc
F₅W₂	92.0±0.9a	0.86±0.04a	6.5±0.7ab	10.5±2.2a	21.1±1.0cd	7.2±0.5a	5.7±0.2abc	0.31±0.04b	18.1±2.8bc
显著性检验（P值）	0.352	0.896	0.039	0.913	<0.001	0.110	0.018	<0.001	0.001

处理	果实含水率/%	果型指数	果实硬度	番茄红素/ (mg/100 g)	维生素C/ (mg/100 g)	可溶性固形物/%	水溶性糖/%	有机酸/%	糖酸比
F₀W₀	91.0±0.4a	0.87±0.03a	5.4±0.4b	9.5±1.3a	18.1±2e	7.3±0.3a	5.1±0.6c	0.45±0.04a	11.6±1.4d
F₁W₁	91.6±0.9a	0.87±0.02a	6.2±0.3ab	9.8±0.3a	19.8±0.6de	8.0±0.1a	5.2±0.1c	0.26±0.02b	20.0±1.3bc
F₂W₁	92.2±0.4a	0.88±0.02a	6.0±0.4b	9.8±0.9a	22.2±1.2bcd	7.6±0.4a	6.4±0.4a	0.30±0.03b	21.6±2.6ab
F₂W₂	92.3±0.6a	0.88±0.03a	5.7±0.4b	9.7±0.9a	25.8±2.1a	7.9±0.4a	6.3±0.5ab	0.24±0.03b	26.9±5.3a
F₃W₂	91.3±0.9a	0.88±0.01a	6.3±0.8ab	10.1±2.5a	24.3±1.6ab	8.0±0.3a	5.9±0.2abc	0.40±0.07a	15.0±2.5cd
F₄W₁	92.1±1.2a	0.89±0.03a	6.4±0.7ab	9.6±1.6a	21.1±2cd	7.3±0.3a	5.5±0.5bc	0.30±0.03b	18.4±3.1bc
F₄W₂	91.3±0.8a	0.88±0.03a	7.3±0.6a	8.7±1.0a	23.8±1.5abc	7.4±0.7a	5.9±0.7abc	0.29±0.05b	20.7±4.3bc
F₅W₂	92.0±0.9a	0.86±0.04a	6.5±0.7ab	10.5±2.2a	21.1±1.0cd	7.2±0.5a	5.7±0.2abc	0.31±0.04b	18.1±2.8bc
显著性检验（P值）	0.352	0.896	0.039	0.913	<0.001	0.110	0.018	<0.001	0.001

处理	产量	耗水量	水分利用效率	氮肥偏生产力	果实含水率	果型指数	果实硬度	番茄红素	维生素C	可溶性固形物	水溶性糖	有机酸	糖酸比	d⁺	d^-	CI	排序
F₀W₀	0.27951	0.30697	0.31296	0.27947	0.35075	0.35101	0.30558	0.34539	0.28889	0.33987	0.31267	0.48870	0.21024	0.03264	0.00835	0.20366	8
F₁W₁	0.33102	0.40362	0.28187	0.33109	0.35307	0.35101	0.35085	0.35630	0.31602	0.37246	0.31880	0.28236	0.36248	0.01907	0.02081	0.52184	5
F₂W₁	0.34780	0.40362	0.29605	0.34786	0.35538	0.35505	0.33953	0.35630	0.35433	0.35383	0.39236	0.32580	0.39147	0.01627	0.02150	0.56928	4
F₂W₂	0.36007	0.32290	0.38337	0.36005	0.35577	0.35505	0.32255	0.35266	0.41179	0.36780	0.38623	0.26064	0.48753	0.01255	0.02958	0.70222	1
F₃W₂	0.39637	0.32290	0.42193	0.39633	0.35191	0.35505	0.35651	0.36720	0.38785	0.37246	0.36171	0.43440	0.27186	0.02232	0.01921	0.46260	7
F₄W₁	0.34428	0.40362	0.29306	0.34428	0.35499	0.35908	0.36217	0.34903	0.33677	0.33987	0.33719	0.32580	0.33348	0.01786	0.01944	0.52120	6
F₄W₂	0.36818	0.32290	0.39183	0.36822	0.35191	0.35505	0.41310	0.31631	0.37987	0.34452	0.36171	0.31494	0.37516	0.01263	0.02429	0.65788	2
F₅W₂	0.38793	0.32290	0.41297	0.38787	0.35461	0.34698	0.36783	0.38175	0.33677	0.33521	0.34945	0.33666	0.32804	0.01578	0.02200	0.58227	3
A⁺	0.02832	0.02198	0.02990	0.02831	0.02563	0.02587	0.02962	0.02746	0.02938	0.02679	0.02811	0.01847	0.01470
A^-	0.01997	0.02889	0.01998	0.01996	0.02527	0.02500	0.02191	0.02275	0.02061	0.02411	0.02240	0.03463	0.03408
R	0.671	-0.079	0.329	0.671	0.656	0.220	0.520	0.162	0.741^*	0.211	0.689	-0.878^**	0.892^**