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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 127-131.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0395

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候暖湿化及其对陇东冬小麦生产的影响

郭海英1(), 张谋草1, 周忠文1, 祁鸿雁2, 秦乐3, 张俊林1   

  1. 1 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，甘肃庆阳 745000
    2 甘肃省镇原县科技局，甘肃镇原 744500
    3 河南省气象服务中心，郑州 450000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-10 修回日期:2022-08-03 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 作者简介:

    郭海英，男，1966年出生，甘肃正宁人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事生态与农业气象研究。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号，Tel：0934-5926088，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“融合星-地多源数据的作物干旱过程定量监测方法研究”(42075120); 甘肃省自然科学基金“陇东玉米对气候变化的响应及适应机制”(22JR5RM1045); 庆阳市科技重大专项计划“气候变化对陇东粮食安全的影响及应对”(QY-STK-2022A-071); 甘肃省庆阳市科技计划“气候暖湿化对庆阳市苹果产业的影响”(QY2021A-S065); 庆阳市气象局科技项目“气候暖湿化对庆阳市冬小麦生产的影响”(QY2021-5)

The Impact of Warming and Wetting of Climate on Production of Winter Wheat in Eastern Gansu Province

GUO Haiying1(), ZHANG Moucao1, ZHOU Zhongwen1, QI Hongyan2, QIN Le3, ZHANG Junlin1   

  1. 1 Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Qingyang, Gansu 745000
    2 Zhenyuan County Science and Technology Bureau of Gansu Province, Zhenyuan, Gansu 744500
    3 Henan Meteorological Service Center, Zhengzhou 450000
  • Received:2022-05-10 Revised:2022-08-03 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-22

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摘要：

运用甘肃省西峰农业气象试验站1981—2019年冬小麦试验观测及同步气象观测资料，分析了39年气候暖湿化趋势及对陇东冬小麦生产的影响。结果表明，1981—2019年陇东年平均气温以0.0644℃/a趋势持续升高，春季气温升高最明显，冬季次之。1995年以来，陇东年平均气温和年降水量均呈显著增加趋势，暖湿化特征明显。暖湿化对陇东冬小麦生产产生了比较显著的影响：（1）播种期推迟，成熟期提前，全生育期和越冬期缩短，但生长季生长天数并没有明显缩短。（2）营养生长阶段显著缩短，生殖生长阶段显著延长，对产量形成十分有利。（3）水分利用率，产量、千粒重、籽粒数、主要发育期干物重等产量构成要素增加趋势明显，不孕小穗率、越冬死亡率等显著降低，尤其1995年以来，气候产量增加趋势明显。（4）气候暖湿化有效降低了干旱和晚霜冻危害，使冬小麦种植边界北扩，高产适生品种增加。

关键词: 气候, 暖湿化, 陇东, 冬小麦, 影响

Abstract:

Using winter wheat test observation data and synchronous meteorological observation data from 1981 to 2019 at the Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station in Gansu Province, the 39-year trend of climate warming and wetting and its impact on winter wheat production in eastern Gansu (Longdong) were analyzed. The results showed that the annual mean temperature in Longdong from 1981 to 2019 continued to rise at a trend of 0.0644°C/a, with the most pronounced temperature increase in spring, followed by that in winter. Since 1995, the annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in Longdong showed significant increase trend, with obvious warming and wetting characteristics. The warming and wetting had a relatively significant impact on winter wheat production in Longdong: (1) the sowing stage was delayed, the maturity stage was earlier, the full growth period and the overwintering period were shortened, but the number of growing days of the growing season was not significantly shortened; (2) the vegetative growth stage was significantly shortened and the reproductive growth stage was significantly prolonged, which was very conducive to yield formation; (3) water utilization, yield, thousand-grain weight, seed number, dry matter weight of main developmental stages and other yield components tended to increase significantly, and the rate of infertile spikelet and the overwintering mortality decreased significantly; especially since 1995, the trend of climatic yield increase was obvious; (4) the warming and wetting of the climate effectively reduced drought and late frost hazards, allowing the northern expansion of winter wheat planting boundaries and the increase of high-yield and climate suitable varieties.

Key words: climate, warming and wetting, eastern Gansu Province, winter wheat, impact