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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (13): 137-145.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0400

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

褐变机理及其防治技术研究进展

杨旭风(), 贾晓东(), 许梦洋, 莫正海, 贾展慧, 宣继萍()   

  1. 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-18 修回日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2023-05-05 发布日期:2023-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 宣继萍,女,1976年出生,研究员,博士,主要从事果树研究。E-mail:xuanjiping@cnbg.net。贾晓东,女,1981年出生,副研究员,博士,主要从事果实采后研究。E-mail:32704955@qq.com
  • 作者简介:

    杨旭风,1996年出生,甘肃庆阳人,硕士研究生在读,研究方向:果实采后研究。通信地址:210014 江苏省南京市玄武区孝陵卫街道前湖后村1号 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目“薄壳山核桃丰产抚育改造与深加工技术集成及应用示范”(LYKJ-句容[2020]01); 江苏省科技厅重点研发计划项目“薄壳山核桃油脂提取及其副产物的功能与富集研究”(BE2021349)

Browning Mechanism and Its Control Technology: Research Progress

YANG Xufeng(), JIA Xiaodong(), XU Mengyang, MO Zhenghai, JIA Zhanhui, XUAN Jiping()   

  1. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2022-05-18 Revised:2022-11-21 Online:2023-05-05 Published:2023-04-27

摘要:

对目前国内外针对食品褐变发生的原因、影响因素及防治技术等的研究进行概括和总结。根据条件不同,褐变可分为酶促褐变和非酶促褐变,而非酶促褐变又可进一步分为美拉德反应、焦糖化反应、抗坏血酸氧化分解和多元酚氧化缩合。影响褐变的因素众多,酶促褐变的影响因素包括底物种类及浓度、酶的活性、氧气、温度和pH等;影响非酶促褐变的因素因具体反应不同而异,其中温度和pH是最主要的影响因素。基于褐变的发生机制和影响因素,褐变的防治技术包括物理防治技术、化学防治技术以及两者的联合使用。指出当前果蔬贮藏和褐变防治技术面临着能耗较大、成本较高和安全性较低的问题,同时,进一步展望了褐变防治技术应以物理防褐变技术为主,辅以必要的化学技术处理,并应将重点放在新材料和新抑制剂的挖掘上。

关键词: 酶促褐变, 非酶促褐变, 发生机制, 影响因素, 防治技术

Abstract:

The causes, influencing factors and prevention and control technologies of foodstuff browning at home and abroad are summarized. According to different conditions, browning can be divided into enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning, while non-enzymatic browning can be further divided into Maillard reaction, caramelization, ascorbic acid oxidative decomposition and polyphenols oxidative dimerization. There are many factors affecting browning. The factors affecting enzymatic browning include substrate type and concentration, enzyme activity, oxygen, temperature and pH, etc. The factors affecting non-enzymatic browning vary with different reactions, among which temperature and pH are the most important factors. Based on the occurrence mechanism and influencing factors of browning, the prevention and control technologies of browning include physical and chemical prevention and control technologies and the combination of both. This paper points out current problems in fruit and vegetable storage and browning prevention and control technology development, such as high energy consumption, high cost and low safety. Moreover, it further suggests that the browning prevention and control technology should be mainly physical one, supplemented by necessary chemical technology treatment, and the focus should be on the excavation of new materials and new inhibitors.

Key words: enzymatic browning, non-enzymatic browning, occurrence mechanism, influencing factors, prevention and control technology