绒毛白蜡耐盐生理与解剖结构研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为选育绒毛白蜡耐盐品种提供依据，本研究以二年生长势一致的绒毛白蜡新品种‘金箭’、华雄’、‘盐蜡’、‘鲁蜡3号’为研究对象，用9‰NaCl溶液处理期28 d，并对其进行生理指标的测定，通过隶属函数法选择绒毛白蜡的耐盐品种和盐敏感型品种，并对其进行解剖结构的制片观察，为该树种的耐盐选育及利用提供依据。盐处理28 d由生理指标测定值综合分析得到4个品种耐盐性强弱的排序为：‘盐蜡’>‘鲁蜡3号’>‘金箭’>‘华雄’。选择盐敏感型的‘华雄’和耐盐性较强的‘盐蜡’2个品种进行解剖结构的观察和测定发现：盐处理之后2个品种叶厚度、栅栏组织厚度、角质层厚度、木质部厚度等显著增加，且‘盐蜡’的叶厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、木质部与韧皮部厚度比值显著高于‘华雄’；‘盐蜡’处理之后的茎的皮层厚度显著高于对照，且处理之后韧皮部厚度显著降低，木质部厚度和最大导管直径均显著高于‘华雄’，处理之后2个品种的髓直径都出现显著增大，髓面积也相应地增加；盐处理之后2个品种根的周皮厚度均显著增加，同时‘华雄’皮层厚度显著增加，且显著高于‘盐蜡’，处理之后‘华雄’的中柱直径/根直径比值显著降低，说明其抵抗盐胁迫的能力较差。可用解剖结构研究代替生理研究对绒毛白蜡等树种的耐盐机制进行探索。

关键词: 盐胁迫, 绒毛白蜡, 不同品种, 生理特征, 解剖结构

Abstract:

To select salt-tolerant varieties of Fraxinus velutina, in this study, biennial new varieties of F. velutina with the same growth potential, ‘Jinjian’, ‘Huaxiong’,‘Yanla’ and ‘Lula 3’, were used as the research objects, and a 28-day salt stress test was conducted with 9 ‰ NaCl solution. The physiological indicators were measured, the salt-tolerant varieties and salt-sensitive varieties of F. velutina were selected by the membership function method, and the anatomical structure was observed in slices, which could provide a basis for the selection and utilization of salt-tolerant tree species. After 28 days of salt stress treatment, the comprehensive analysis of the measured values of physiological indicators showed that the salt tolerance of the 4 varieties ranked as: ‘Yanla’ >‘Lula 3’ > ‘Jinjian’> ‘Huaxiong’. Salt-sensitive variety ‘Huaxiong’ and salt-tolerant variety ‘Yanla’ were selected to observe and measure the anatomical structure, showing that leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, stratum corneum thickness, and xylem thickness of the two varieties increased significantly after salt stress. The thickness of leaf, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and xylem to phloem ratio of ‘Yanla’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Huaxiong’; and the stem cortex thickness of ‘Yanla’ was significantly higher than that of the control. After the treatment, the thickness of the phloem was significantly reduced, and the thickness of the xylem and the largest vessel diameter of ‘Yanla’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Huaxiong’. The pith diameter of the two varieties both increased significantly, and the pith area increased accordingly. After the salt stress, the periderm thickness of roots of the two varieties increased significantly, while the cortex thickness of ‘Huaxiong’ increased significantly, and was significantly higher than that of ‘Yanla’. The ratio of stem diameter/root diameter of ‘Huaxiong’ decreased significantly, indicating that its resistance to salt was poor. In summary, anatomical structure research can be used instead of physiological research to explore the salt-tolerant mechanism of tree species such as F. velutina.

Key words: salt stress, Fraxinus velutina, different varieties, physiological characteristics, anatomical structure

燕丽萍, 吴德军, 王因花, 高铖铖, 任飞, 刘翠兰. 绒毛白蜡耐盐生理与解剖结构研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(2): 16-24.

YAN Liping, WU Dejun, WANG Yinhua, GAO Chengcheng, REN Fei, LIU Cuilan. Salt Tolerance Physiology and Anatomical Structure of Fraxinus velutina[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(2): 16-24.

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参考文献 22

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品种	叶片胁迫症状
品种	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	34 d
‘金箭’	生长正常	生长正常	生长正常	少数叶片变黄	部分叶片变黄、脱落
‘华雄’	生长正常	生长正常	少数叶片叶尖变黄干枯	发黄叶片增多，部分叶片脱落	多数叶片变黄，大量脱落
‘鲁蜡3号’	生长正常	生长正常	生长正常	极少数底部叶片变黄	少数底部叶片变黄
‘盐蜡’	生长正常	生长正常	生长正常	极少数底部叶片变黄	少数底部叶片变黄

品种	叶片胁迫症状
品种	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d	34 d
‘金箭’	生长正常	生长正常	生长正常	少数叶片变黄	部分叶片变黄、脱落
‘华雄’	生长正常	生长正常	少数叶片叶尖变黄干枯	发黄叶片增多，部分叶片脱落	多数叶片变黄，大量脱落
‘鲁蜡3号’	生长正常	生长正常	生长正常	极少数底部叶片变黄	少数底部叶片变黄
‘盐蜡’	生长正常	生长正常	生长正常	极少数底部叶片变黄	少数底部叶片变黄

品种	处理前		处理14 d		处理28 d
品种	电导值ms/cm	含盐量‰	电导值ms/cm	含盐量‰	电导值ms/cm	含盐量‰
‘金箭’	0.213	0.57 a	1.462	4.17 a	1.672	4.77 a
‘华雄’	0.254	0.69 a	1.305	3.72 a	1.470	4.19 a
‘鲁蜡3号’	0.228	0.61 a	1.326	3.78 a	1.633	4.66 a
‘盐蜡’	0.196	0.52 a	1.187	3.38 a	1.492	4.26 a

品种	处理前		处理14 d		处理28 d
品种	电导值ms/cm	含盐量‰	电导值ms/cm	含盐量‰	电导值ms/cm	含盐量‰
‘金箭’	0.213	0.57 a	1.462	4.17 a	1.672	4.77 a
‘华雄’	0.254	0.69 a	1.305	3.72 a	1.470	4.19 a
‘鲁蜡3号’	0.228	0.61 a	1.326	3.78 a	1.633	4.66 a
‘盐蜡’	0.196	0.52 a	1.187	3.38 a	1.492	4.26 a

品种	金箭	华雄	鲁蜡3号	盐蜡
株高增长量	0.20	0	0.40	1
地径增长量	0.30	0	0.69	1
相对电导率	0.53	0.14	1	0
SOD	1	0.70	0	0.68
叶绿素荧光	0.65	0.42	1	0
CAT	0.78	0.34	0	1
可溶性蛋白	0	0.39	0.66	1
平均值	0.49	0.28	0.54	0.67
综合耐盐能力排序	3	4	2	1