苹果组培苗移栽过程中根茎叶解剖结构变化

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0818

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (22): 49-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0818

所属专题：生物技术；园艺

苹果组培苗移栽过程中根茎叶解剖结构变化

乔绪强(), 郭婷婷, 杨炳松, 李建召, 梁美霞()

鲁东大学农学院,山东烟台 264025

收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2022-01-14 出版日期:2022-08-05 发布日期:2022-08-22
通讯作者: 梁美霞
作者简介:乔绪强,男,1987年出生,山东胶州人,副教授,博士,现主要从事园艺植物抗逆生物学研究。E-mail： xuqiang514@126.com。
基金资助:
山东省自然基金面上项目“油菜素内酯合成基因MdCYP85A1在调控柱型苹果株型和抗旱性中的功能研究”(ZR2020MC138);国家自然基金青年项目“金属耐受蛋白调控苹果耐高锰胁迫的分子机制研究”(31701866);山东省农业良种工程项目“优质高档桃突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC007);山东省重点研发计划项目“难繁树种白蜡和核桃组培快繁与示范栽培”(2018GNC110007)

Anatomical Structure Changes of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Apple Plantlets in Vitro During Transplanting

QIAO Xuqiang(), GUO Tingting, YANG Bingsong, LI Jianzhao, LIANG Meixia()

School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025

Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2022-01-14 Online:2022-08-05 Published:2022-08-22
Contact: LIANG Meixia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统全面地研究‘嘎拉'苹果组培苗移栽过程中根茎叶的解剖形态变化,为今后的组培苗移栽提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。采用石蜡切片法和扫描电镜法对苹果试管苗驯化移栽过程中根茎叶的解剖结构进行观察。随着移栽时间的延长,根的木质部和韧皮部逐渐分化,在维管柱中央形成若干排列成链的导管。茎的厚角组织细胞层数逐渐增多,细胞排列变得整齐紧密。茎的维管束逐渐形成环状条带,条带的厚度不断增加。苹果组培苗驯化移栽初期,叶片的栅栏组织发育不完全,海绵组织细胞间隙大,栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度比很低,仅为0.41。随着移栽时间的延长,叶片的栅栏组织和海绵组织分化发育逐渐完善,栅栏组织的细胞层数明显增加且细胞排列整齐紧密,海绵组织细胞间隙逐渐变小,栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度比变大。移栽3周后,栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度比为0.74。气孔的形态由移栽初期的突出于表皮细胞之上变为下陷于表皮细胞之下,气孔的开张度和气孔密度均逐渐变小。苹果组培苗移栽3周后其气孔密度下降为187个/mm²,这与移栽初期的气孔密度252个/mm²差异显著。苹果组培苗驯化移栽过程中,苹果组培苗根茎的主要变化是维管束组织的形成和健全,叶的变化是向着光合能力的提高和防止水分过度散失的方向发展。

关键词: 苹果, 组培苗, 解剖结构, 扫描电镜, 移栽

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to systematically and comprehensively explore the anatomical structure changes of roots, stems and leaves in the process of apple tissue culture plantlets' transplanting, so as to provide a theoretical basis for tissue culture plantlets' transplanting in the future. The anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of apple test-tube plantlets during domestication and transplanting were observed by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope. The results showed during transplanting and domestication, the xylem and phloem of roots were fully formed and there were a large number of visible vessels in the central vascular cylinder arranged in chains. The collenchyma cells became regularly and closely arranged together and the cell layers increased gradually. The vascular bundles gradually became an annular strip and the strip became thicker slowly. During the initial stage of transplanting and domestication, palisade mesophylls were not fully developed, and the spongy tissues contained large air space. The ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was as low as 0.41. Later, leaf palisade tissue and spongy tissue developed and differentiated, the number of layers of palisade tissue increased and the cells were tightly arranged, the size of air space among spongy tissue decreased, and the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue increased. Three weeks after transplanting, the ratio of the thickness of palisade tissue to spongy tissue became 0.74. The stomata protruded above the epidermal cells in the beginning of the transplanting but later they were underneath the epidermal cells. The aperture and density of stomata decreased gradually. There was significant difference of stomata density between the beginning of transplanting (252/mm²) and three weeks after transplanting (187/mm²). In the process of domestication and transplanting of apple tissue culture plantlets, the main change of the plantlets is the formation and perfection of vascular bundle tissue, and the change of leaves is to improve photosynthetic capacity and prevent excessive water loss.

Key words: apple, tissue culture plantlets, anatomical structure, scanning electron microscope, transplanting

中图分类号:

S661.1

乔绪强, 郭婷婷, 杨炳松, 李建召, 梁美霞. 苹果组培苗移栽过程中根茎叶解剖结构变化[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(22): 49-54.

QIAO Xuqiang, GUO Tingting, YANG Bingsong, LI Jianzhao, LIANG Meixia. Anatomical Structure Changes of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Apple Plantlets in Vitro During Transplanting[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(22): 49-54.

图/表 6

图1. 苹果组培苗驯化移栽过程中不同时期根的解剖结构 A~D分别为移栽0、1、2、3周后根的解剖结构

图2. 苹果组培苗驯化移栽过程中不同时期茎的解剖结构 A~D分别为移栽0、1、2、3周后茎的解剖结构

表1. 苹果组培苗移栽过程中叶片解剖结构的变化

图3. 苹果组培苗驯化移栽过程中不同时期叶的解剖结构 A~D分别为移栽0、1、2、3周后叶的解剖结构

图4. 苹果试管苗移栽过程中叶片表面气孔形态特征变化 A1~D1分别为移栽0、1、2、3周后叶片下表皮特征,A2~D2分别为移栽0、1、2、3周后气孔的形态特征

时期/周	气孔器/μm		气孔/μm		气孔密度/(个/mm²)
时期/周	长轴	短轴	长度	宽度	气孔密度/(个/mm²)
0	17.99±1.65c	16.22±2.24ab	10.89±1.87c	3.79±0.81a	252.00±28.03a
1	18.28±1.40c	14.08±1.65c	10.99±1.48c	3.93±0.95a	239.33±19.51a
2	21.72±1.92b	15.52±2.50b	12.73±1.96b	3.32±0.53a	200.00±28.74b
3	24.16±3.48a	16.90±2.46a	16.84±3.90a	3.63±0.81a	187.00±27.87b

表2. 苹果试管苗移栽过程中叶片气孔形态特征的变化

参考文献 6

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苹果组培苗移栽过程中根茎叶解剖结构变化

Anatomical Structure Changes of Roots, Stems and Leaves of Apple Plantlets in Vitro During Transplanting

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