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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 76-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0056

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

2004—2022年徐州地区气候因子及小麦区域试验品系性状演变分析

刘立伟(), 刘静, 王静, 易媛, 朱雪成, 张娜, 张会云, 马红勃, 刘东涛(), 冯国华   

  1. 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所，江苏徐州 221131
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08 修回日期:2024-11-22 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-20
  • 通讯作者:
    刘东涛，男，1975年出生，陕西韩城人，研究员，博士，研究方向：小麦育种与栽培。通信地址：221131 江苏徐州贾汪区鲲鹏路1号 徐州市农科院小麦研究室，Tel：0516-82189226，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘立伟，男，1990年出生，河北唐山人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：小麦育种与栽培。通信地址：221131 江苏徐州贾汪区鲲鹏路1号 徐州市农科院小麦研究室，Tel：0516-82189225，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    2023年农业重大技术协同推广计划——淮北地区绿色优质高效小麦重大技术协同推广项目(2023-ZYXT-05); 国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)

Analysis of Evolution of Climate Factors and Wheat Regional Experimental Variety Traits in Xuzhou Region from 2004 to 2022

LIU Liwei(), LIU Jing, WANG Jing, YI Yuan, ZHU Xuecheng, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Huiyun, MA Hongbo, LIU Dongtao(), FENG Guohua   

  1. Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131
  • Received:2024-01-08 Revised:2024-11-22 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-20

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摘要：

为明确江苏淮北区试小麦新品系生育特点，通过对2004—2022年江苏省淮北小麦区域试验徐州市农科院试验点共335个（含对照）参试小麦新品系的9个主要农艺性状，以及小麦生育期内温度、降水、光照等气象资料分析，研究其演变规律及其相关性。结果表明：徐州地区小麦生育期内总降水量呈增加趋势，平均每年增加2.1451 mm，总日照时数呈减少趋势，平均每年减少5.5074 h；1、2、3月总体升温较为明显，小麦越冬期逐渐缩短，返青拔节期不断提前；参试小麦品系增产品种占比存在波动性变化，但总体呈上升趋势；基本苗、最高蘖、株高、容重、有效穗和产量整体呈增加趋势，生育期稳中略有缩短，千粒重和穗粒数基本持平、略有下降；变异系数最小的是生育期，为2.71%，最高的是每公顷最高分蘖数，为19.86%；生育期、容重、株高的变异系数在10%以下，其他性状变异系数大于10%；由产量前10位和后10位比较结果可知，穗数在620万/hm2以上、穗粒数在35粒以上、千粒重43 g以上以及农艺性状更为稳定的小麦品系更容易获得高产；产量三要素（有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重）均与产量呈极显著正相关，而有效穗数与千粒重和每穗粒数之间呈极显著负相关。研究发现，在气候多变的环境下，培育产量三要素协同提高的新品种并与配套栽培措施相结合，是小麦高产稳产的重要途径。研究旨在为徐州及相同生态区小麦新品种选育方向和绿色高效高产栽培技术措施提供理论支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 淮北地区, 气候, 区域试验, 农艺性状, 演变

Abstract:

The study aimed to provide theoretical support for identifying the growth characteristics of new wheat strains in Huaibei District, Jiangsu Province, and for new varieties breeding direction and green high-efficiency and high-yield cultivation technology measures in Xuzhou and the same ecological area. Multiple agronomic character data and meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation and light during wheat growth period of 335 new wheat lines in Huaibei wheat regional experiment in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2022 were used to analyze the evolution law and their correlation in the past 20 years. The results showed that during the wheat growing period, the total precipitation increased by 2.1451 mm per year, and the total sunshine duration decreased by 5.5074 h per year. In January, February and March, the overall temperature rise was obvious, the overwintering period of wheat was gradually shortened, and the regreen jointing period was advanced. The proportion of increased wheat varieties in the test was fluctuating, but the overall trend was rising. The basic seedlings, maximum tiller, plant height, volume weight, number of ears and grain yield showed an increasing trend, the growth period was slightly shortened; the 1000-grain weight and grans per spike were basically flat, but slightly decreased. The coefficient of variation was the smallest in the growth period (2.71%). The highest number of tillers per hectare was 19.86%. The coefficient of variation of growth period, bulk weight and plant height was less than 10%, and the coefficient of variation of other traits was more than 10%. The results of comparison between the top 10 and the bottom 10 showed that wheat lines with more than 6.2 million panicle number, more than 35 grains per spike, more than 43g 1000-grain weight and more stable agronomic traits were more likely to obtain high yield. The correlation analysis results showed that the three factors of yield were positively correlated with yield, while the effective panicle number was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight and the number of grains per panicle. Cultivating new varieties with three factors of yield synergistic improvement and matching cultivation measures to cope with climate change is an important way to achieve high and stable yield of wheat in Xuzhou and the same ecological area.

Key words: wheat, Huaibei Region, climate, regional experiment, agronomic traits, evolution