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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 84-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0516

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古河套灌区苹果梨花期霜冻关键温度及服务重点

李淑祺1(), 刘波2, 包佳婧3,4()   

  1. 1 内蒙古临河区气象局,内蒙古临河区 015000
    2 内蒙古杭锦后旗气象局,内蒙古杭锦后旗 015400
    3 内蒙古巴彦淖尔市气象局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000
    4 中国气象局乌梁素海湿地生态气象野外科学试验基地,内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-12 修回日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-20
  • 通讯作者:
    包佳婧,女,1987年出生,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象服务与科研。通信地址:015000 内蒙古巴彦淖尔市气象局,Tel:0478-8272352,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李淑祺,女,1993年出生,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,工程师,本科,研究方向:农业气象与应用气象。通信地址:015000 内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区气象局,Tel:0478-8271170,E-mail:

Key Temperatures and Service Focus of Frost During Apple Pear Florescence in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia

LI Shuqi1(), LIU Bo2, BAO Jiajing3,4()   

  1. 1 Linhe Meteorological Bureau, Linhe, Inner Mongolia 015000
    2 Hangjinhou Banner Meteorological Bureau, Hangjinhou, Inner Mongolia 015400
    3 Bayannur Meteorological Bureau, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 015000
    4 Ulansuhai Wetland Ecological and Meteorological Field Scientific Experimental Base, China Meteorological Administration, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 015000
  • Received:2023-07-12 Revised:2024-10-25 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-20

摘要:

为完善内蒙古河套灌区霜冻指标体系,探寻河套灌区苹果梨花期霜冻关键温度,选取内蒙古巴彦淖尔市农业气象试验站周边4个果园的2022—2023年两年的苹果梨花期进行试验,利用MSX-2F人工模拟霜冻系统模拟9组人工霜冻试验,观测自然霜冻及人工模拟霜箱试验后花瓣、花药、花丝、子房的外观形态变化。结果表明:河套灌区苹果梨花苞受冻关键温度为-6.1~-9.0℃,苹果梨花朵受冻关键温度为 -5.1~-8.0℃;随花朵生育期推进,作物过冷却点和结冰点表现为上升趋势,即随花朵发育成熟,其各器官抗低温能力下降;持续低温试验结果显示受冻率与低温的强度有关,更与低温持续的时间有关,气温越低或低温持续的时间越长,作物受冻率越高。本研究总结出河套灌区苹果梨花期霜冻关键温度及气象服务重点,增加了果树自身修复因子的影响因素,考虑了果树挂果区高度与最低气温、最低地温的关系,是河套灌区霜冻指标体系的首次尝试,可以帮助果农更好地管理果园躲避霜冻灾害。

关键词: 苹果梨花期, 霜冻, 受冻率, 过冷却点, 内蒙古河套灌区

Abstract:

To improve the frost index system in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, and explore the key frost temperatures of apple pear florescence, to help orchard worker to avoid the impact of frost hazard, and harvest early. 9 groups of frost cooling process were simulated by using the MSX-2F artificial frost box system. The freezing rate of flowers was calculated, and the super cooling points and freezing points were determined. Considering the stress resistance of apple pear trees, the authors summarized the key meteorological services for frost of apple pear florescence in Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that: the key frost temperatures for the flower buds concentrated in the range of -6.1 to -9.0℃, the key frost temperatures for the flowers concentrated in the range of -5.1 to -8.0℃; with the developmental of flowers, the super cooling points and freezing points increased, which meant that cold resistance decreased. The apple pear florescence freezing rate was related with low temperature intensity, and more importantly, with duration of low temperature. The lower the temperature, or the longer the duration, the higher the frost rate. This paper determined the key temperatures of apple pear florescence during frost process in Hetao Irrigation District, and summarized the key points of meteorological services.

Key words: apple pear florescence, frost, frostbite rate, super cooling point, Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia