欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 79-85.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010006

所属专题: 玉米

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于土壤温度的春玉米适宜播种指标及播种期分析

牛冬1, 唐红艳2   

  1. 1.内蒙古气象服务中心;2.内蒙古生态与农业气象中心
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-02 修回日期:2018-12-24 接受日期:2018-03-23 出版日期:2019-01-11 发布日期:2019-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 唐红艳
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“基于多源卫星遥感的内蒙古干旱监测预警研究”(201602103);内蒙古气象局农牧业气象创新团队资助项目。

Suitable Sowing Date and Sowing Indexes of Spring Maize Based on Soil Temperature

  • Received:2018-01-02 Revised:2018-12-24 Accepted:2018-03-23 Online:2019-01-11 Published:2019-01-11

摘要: 为确定适宜的春玉米播种期,合理安排春播生产,利用内蒙古1961—2016年气象资料和玉米主产区农业气象观测资料,采用数理统计方法,分析了56年地温和霜冻变化规律,并以10 cm地温稳定通过8℃、9℃、10℃、11℃、12℃初日分别作为玉米播种指标,通过计算不同界限温度下玉米出苗后霜冻概率阈值,确定适宜的玉米播种指标和播种期。结果表明,56年来内蒙古地区10 cm地温稳定通过8℃初日大部地区提前2~20天,玉米春季霜冻结束日期提前3~20天;适宜采用10 cm地温稳定通过8℃初日作为玉米播种指标的地区有扎兰屯市、突泉县、松山区和准格尔旗,科尔沁区适宜采用9℃初日,土默特左旗和临河区适宜采用11℃初日,凉城县适宜采用12℃初日作为玉米播种指标;根据适宜土壤温度指标计算出内蒙古各地区春玉米适宜播种期在4月6日—5月3日,比目前的实际播种期普遍提前8~22天,可以适当选择生育期略长的玉米品种。

关键词: 除草剂, 除草剂, 高粱田, 杂草, 防效

Abstract: To determine the suitable sowing date of spring maize and arrange spring production reasonably, the agricultural meteorological observation data and the meteorological data of main maize producing areas in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2016 are used in this study. The mathematical statistics is applied to analyze the change laws of ground temperature and frost in the 56 years. The beginning dates when the 10 cm soil temperature is stably above 8℃, 9℃, 10℃, 11℃ and 12℃ are taken as spring maize sowing indexes. By calculating the probability threshold of frost after seedling under different critical temperature conditions, the suitable sowing index and sowing dates of maize are determined. The results showed that during the 56 years, the beginning date of 10 cm soil temperature stably above 8℃ was 2-20 days ahead, the ending date of frost was 3-20 days ahead in the most regions of Inner Mongolia. It was suitable to use the beginning date whose 10 cm soil temperature was stably above 8℃ as spring maize sowing indexes in Zhalantun City, Tuquan County, Songshan District and Jungar Banner. The beginning date above 9℃ was suitable for Horqin District, the beginning date above 11℃ was suitable for Tumed Left Banner and Linhe District, and the beginning date above 12℃ was suitable for Liangcheng County. The suitable sowing date was from April 6th to May 3rd for most areas in Inner Mongolia, it was held 8-22 days ahead of the actual sowing date. So the varieties with slightly longer growth stage could be chosen.