6种除草剂对谷子的安全性和杂草防效

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选对谷子安全的除草剂,采用室内生物测定法,使用嗪草酮、二氯异噁草酮、丙炔氟草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、砜吡草唑、特丁津6种除草剂,分别在谷子苗前和苗后2个时期用药。采用田间小区试验研究室内生物试验所筛选得到的特丁津的杂草防治效果和安全性。室内生物测定结果表明,6种除草剂苗前用药对谷子的鲜重抑制率均超过20%,并出现死苗;除草剂同剂量下苗后茎叶处理对谷子株高和鲜重的抑制程度均低于其土壤处理,其中嗪草酮、丙炔氟草胺和砜吡草唑对谷子的鲜重抑制率均超过20%;50%特丁津悬浮剂1500、1800 g/hm²对谷子的鲜重抑制率分别为0.76%、2.99%,对反枝苋的防效达98.42%、100%。田间小区试验表明,50%特丁津悬浮剂1500、1800 g/hm²对阔叶杂草的鲜重防效分别为93.46%、95.84%,较空白对照增产41.40%、41.82%。嗪草酮等6种除草剂苗前土壤处理对谷子的安全性低,特丁津有在谷田作为茎叶处理剂防除阔叶杂草的应用前景。

关键词: 除草剂, 谷子, 安全性, 杂草, 防效

Abstract:

In order to screen safe herbicides for Setaria italica (foxtail millet), the efficacy of metribuzin, bixlozone, flumioxazin, flumetsulam, pyroxasulfone and terbuthylazine were studied using laboratory bioassays in two application periods of seedling pre-emergence and post-emergence, respectively. A field experiment was conducted to test the weed control efficacy and safety of terbuthylazine screened out by the indoor bioassay experiment. The indoor bioassay results showed that the pre-emergence application of the six herbicides inhibited the biomass of foxtail millet by more than 20% and caused seedling death. In foliar-applied treatments, the herbicides inhibited plant height and biomass of foxtail millet to a lesser degree than in soil treatments, but the inhibitory rate of metribuzin, flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone on foxtail millet were more than 20%. The biomass inhibition rate on foxtail millet by 1500 g/hm² and 1800 g/hm² of 50% terbuthylazine SC was 0.76% and 2.99% respectively, and the control efficacy on Amaranthus retroflexus was 98.42% and 100% respectively. Field experiment showed that the biomass control efficacy of 1500 g/hm² and 1800 g/hm² of 50% terbuthylazine SC on broad-leaved weeds were 93.46% and 95.84%, respectively, and the two treatments increased the millet yield by 41.40% and 41.82% compared with the blank control. Based on the research results, the six herbicides have low safety on foxtail millet under pre-emergence soil treatment, and terbuthylazine has the application prospect as foliar-applied herbicide in the control of broad-leaved weeds in foxtail millet field.

Key words: herbicide, Setaria italica, safety, weed, control efficacy

中图分类号:

S482.4

李秉华, 刘小民, 许贤, 赵铂锤, 李卓霖. 6种除草剂对谷子的安全性和杂草防效[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(19): 133-138.

LI Binghua, LIU Xiaomin, XU Xian, ZHAO Bochui, LI Zhuolin. Safety of 6 Herbicides on Setaria italica and Their Weed Control Efficacy[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(19): 133-138.

图/表 6

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除草剂	苗前土壤处理	苗后茎叶处理
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	1050	525
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	2100	1050
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	683	375
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	1367	750
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	75	45
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	225	90
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	600	300
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	1200	600
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	450	450
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	900	900
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1500	1500
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1800	1800
空白对照	0	0

除草剂	苗前土壤处理	苗后茎叶处理
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	1050	525
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	2100	1050
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	683	375
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	1367	750
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	75	45
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	225	90
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	600	300
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	1200	600
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	450	450
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	900	900
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1500	1500
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1800	1800
空白对照	0	0

除草剂	用量/(g/hm²)	株高抑制率/%	鲜重抑制率/%	致死率/%
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	1050	80.19±1.44cd	97.89±0.38bcd	22.64±5.61efg
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	2100	81.13±0.84cd	98.44±0.14abc	24.53±8.38ef
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	683	82.39±1.14cd	93.74±0.67de	16.98±5.58g
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	1367	83.33±4.38c	97.34±1.76cd	43.40±4.17d
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	75	77.99±4.66de	93.01±4.40de	69.81±2.86b
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	225	87.42±2.38b	98.49±0.41abc	94.34±0.19a
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	600	69.50±3.35f	88.57±7.39e	28.30±9.27e
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	1200	74.53±3.32e	90.92±6.74e	43.40±8.90d
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	450	98.11±0.07a	99.87±0.06ab	58.49±2.79c
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	900	98.90±0.27a	99.96±0.02a	71.70±0.94b
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1500	19.50±0.74h	29.42±3.32f	18.87±6.82fg
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1800	29.56±2.63g	39.25±3.21f	24.53±2.90ef

除草剂	用量/(g/hm²)	株高抑制率/%	鲜重抑制率/%	致死率/%
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	1050	80.19±1.44cd	97.89±0.38bcd	22.64±5.61efg
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	2100	81.13±0.84cd	98.44±0.14abc	24.53±8.38ef
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	683	82.39±1.14cd	93.74±0.67de	16.98±5.58g
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	1367	83.33±4.38c	97.34±1.76cd	43.40±4.17d
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	75	77.99±4.66de	93.01±4.40de	69.81±2.86b
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	225	87.42±2.38b	98.49±0.41abc	94.34±0.19a
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	600	69.50±3.35f	88.57±7.39e	28.30±9.27e
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	1200	74.53±3.32e	90.92±6.74e	43.40±8.90d
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	450	98.11±0.07a	99.87±0.06ab	58.49±2.79c
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	900	98.90±0.27a	99.96±0.02a	71.70±0.94b
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1500	19.50±0.74h	29.42±3.32f	18.87±6.82fg
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1800	29.56±2.63g	39.25±3.21f	24.53±2.90ef

除草剂	用量/(g/hm²)	株高抑制率/%	鲜重抑制率/%	致死率/%
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	1050	33.06±7.10b	66.09±13.85b	10.00±0.00bc
70%嗪草酮可湿性粉剂	2100	52.99±8.35a	87.16±6.26a	36.67±11.55a
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	683	5.98±3.22fg	4.22±2.60gh	3.33±5.77cd
36%二氯异噁草酮悬浮剂	1367	11.63±7.03ef	18.53±12.67e	0.00±0.00d
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	75	25.25±5.44bc	31.01±2.81d	0.00±0.00d
50%丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂	225	27.74±8.87bc	37.67±3.05cd	13.33±5.77b
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	600	15.28±5.96de	7.22±0.96fg	0.00±0.00d
10%唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂	1200	20.43±3.48cd	12.35±0.67ef	0.00±0.00d
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	450	45.35±2.02a	46.64±4.58c	0.00±0.00d
40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂	900	52.66±2.87a	60.10±7.44b	13.33±5.77b
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1500	1.83±0.30g	0.76±0.38h	0.00±0.00d
50%特丁津悬浮剂	1800	3.65±0.74g	2.99±0.13gh	0.00±0.00d