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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 92-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0805

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

曲靖马龙不同连作年限植烟土壤养分及微生物计量变化研究

肖于凡1(), 尹绍和2, 秦汝平2, 史怀平2, 金枫翔2, 赵锐智2, 田静1, 袁三红1, 李德文3, 罗启鹏3()   

  1. 1 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司， 长沙 410000
    2 曲靖市烟草公司马龙分公司， 云南曲靖 655199
    3 云南省微生物发酵工程研究中心有限公司， 昆明 650217
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-14 修回日期:2026-02-24 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者:
    罗启鹏，男，1991年出生，云南玉溪人，助理农艺师，硕士，主要从事土壤肥料研究。通信地址：650217 云南省昆明市官渡区昌宏路49号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    肖于凡，男，1998年出生，湖南长沙人，助理农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草栽培研究。通信地址：410000 湖南省长沙市雨花区劳动中路426号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南中烟工业有限责任公司“马龙基地单元绿色高效生产技术集成与推广”(KY2024YC0003)

Study on Changes of Soil Nutrients and Microbial Stoichiometry in Tobacco Planting Soil with Different Continuous Cropping Years in Malong of Qujing

XIAO Yufan1(), YIN Shaohe2, QIN Ruping2, SHI Huaiping2, JIN Fengxiang2, ZHAO Ruizhi2, TIAN Jing1, YUAN Sanhong1, LI Dewen3, LUO Qipeng3()   

  1. 1 China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000
    2 Qujing Tobacco Company Malong Branch, Qujing, Yunnan 655199
    3 Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Kunming 650217
  • Received:2025-09-14 Revised:2026-02-24 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-15

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摘要：

本研究针对曲靖马龙地区烤烟连作障碍问题，分析了连作0、3、6、9年植烟土壤的理化性质、微生物含量、酶活性变化。结果表明：长期连作显著降低了土壤pH、有机质、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌、有效锰含量，同时导致土壤氮、磷、钾、有效硫、交换性钙、交换性镁的累积，氯离子含量呈先上升后下降的趋势；细菌数量随着连作年限的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势，真菌数量和放线菌数量呈增加趋势，黑胫病菌数量逐年上升；脲酶和蔗糖酶活性呈显著下降的趋势，酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性不同年间变化差异不显著。研究强调，长期连作导致了关键养分失衡和微生物区系恶化。因此，建议马龙烟区在连作管理中，重点关注以下几点：一是改良酸化土壤，补充有机质；二是控制氮、磷、钾以及硫元素的过量施用，补充硼、铜、锌、锰等微量元素；三是调控土壤微生物区系，以降低土传病害风险。本研究为缓解马龙烟区连作障碍，提升土壤健康水平提供了理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 植烟土壤, 连作, 土壤养分, 微生物, 酶活性

Abstract:

The soil physical and chemical properties, microbial content and enzyme activity of tobacco-planting soil in 0, 3, 6, 9 years of continuous cropping were determined in Malong of Qujing, Changes in soil nutrient content, microbial content and enzyme activity across different continuous cropping years were analyzed. The results showed that as the number of consecutive years of tobacco cropping increased, soil pH, organic matter, available boron, available copper, available zinc, and available manganese all tended to decrease. In contrast, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, available sulfur, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium showed increasing trends, while chloride ion content first increased and then decreased. Bacterial counts initially declined and then increased with longer continuous cropping, whereas fungal and actinomycete counts continuously increased, and the population of the black stem rust pathogen rose year by year. Urease and sucrase activities exhibited a significant decline, whereas acid phosphatase and peroxidase activities did not show significant differences among years. In conclusion, long-term continuous cropping has led to the imbalance of key nutrients and the deterioration of microbial flora. Therefore, it is suggested that Malong tobacco area should focus on the following points in continuous cropping management: improving acidified soil and supplement organic matter; controlling the excessive application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, and supplement trace elements such as boron, copper, zinc and manganese; regulating soil microbial flora to reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving soil health in Malong tobacco area.

Key words: tobacco planting soil, continuous cropping, soil nutrients, microorganisms, enzyme activity

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