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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 35-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1767

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同灌水次数与氮肥运筹对‘豫教5号’叶面积指数及产量的影响

倪永静1,贺群岭1,李金沛2,朱培培1,胡 新1,张丽琴3,王世杰3   

  1. (1商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘 476000；2荥阳市农业技术推广广武中心站,河南荥阳 450103；3河南教育学院,郑州 450046）
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-24 修回日期:2015-01-22 接受日期:2014-08-18 出版日期:2015-03-19 发布日期:2015-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 倪永静
  • 基金资助:
    国家《农业科技成果转化资金》项目：“小麦新品种的中试示范及育种家种子扩繁”(2013GB2D000300)；国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-03)。

Effect of Different Irrigation Times and Nitrogen Fertilization
on Leaf Area Index and Grain Yield of ‘Yujiao 5’

Ni Yongjing1, He Qunling1, Li Jinpei2, Zhu Peipei1, Hu Xin1, Zhang Liqin3, Wang Shijie3   

  1. (1Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu Henan 476000;2Guangwu Agricultural Technical Promotion Center Station, Xingyang Henan 450103;3Henan Institute of Education, Zhengzhou 450046)
  • Received:2014-06-24 Revised:2015-01-22 Accepted:2014-08-18 Online:2015-03-19 Published:2015-03-19

摘要： 为给冬小麦提供“更合理、更节约、更高效”的水肥运筹技术方案，以‘豫教5号’为试验材料，采用三因素裂区方法研究了不同灌水次数和施氮处理对小麦叶面积指数和产量的影响。结果表明，灌水次数、施氮量以及基追比例分别对小麦叶面积指数、产量及构成因素有显著影响。在W1（底墒水）处理下叶面积指数与施氮量均呈线性正相关关系；在W2（底墒水+拔节水）、W3（底墒水+拔节水+灌浆水）处理条件下，拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期的叶面积指数与施氮量呈线性正相关关系，抽穗后20天与施氮量则呈二次曲线关系，且以N3R2为最大值。在不同灌水次数条件下，产量、穗数、穗粒数与施氮量呈二次曲线关系，千粒重随施氮量的增加呈线性下降趋势。在灌溉底墒水+拔节水+灌浆水、施氮量为240 kg/hm2及基追肥5:5处理组合下实现了水肥的高效配合，产量、穗数、穗粒数分别为8609.60 kg/hm2、688.2×104株/hm2、37.9粒，其中产量比对照W1N0 (3517.5 kg/hm2) 增产144.8%。由此可知，在小麦生长后期降雨量偏少的黄淮豫东地区，小麦生产中灌溉水的节约空间相对较小，氮肥的节约空间则相对较大。

关键词: 生物和非生物胁迫, 生物和非生物胁迫

Abstract: The winter wheat ‘Yujiao 5’ was used to study the effects of irrigation times, nitrogen levels and ratios of base and topdressing N fertilizer on leaf area index and grain yield in a split plot design, with three irrigation times (W1: irrigation before sowing, W2: irrigation before sowing and at jointing stage, W3: irrigation before sowing, at jointing stage and at grain filling stages) being in the main plot, five nitrogen levels (N0: 0 kg/hm2, N1: 120 kg/hm2, N2: 180 kg/hm2, N3: 240 kg/hm2, N4: 300 kg/hm2) being in the split-plot and two ratios of base and topdressing (R1: the 3:7 ratio at base and topdressing N fertilizer, R2: the 5:5 ratio at base and topdressing N fertilizer) being in the re-split-plot. The results showed that, three factors significantly affected leaf area index, grain yield and yield components, respectively. There was a positive linear correlation between LAI and nitrogen application rate under W1 treatment. There were significant conics relations between LAI of jointing stage, spiking stage, heading stage in W2 and W3 treatments, and the LAI of N3R2 were the highest. There were highly significant conics relations between grain yield, spike number, kernel number per spike and nitrogen application rate under three irrigation treatments, respectively. Between 1000 kernel weight and nitrogen levels, there was a highly negative linear correlation. In the 27 treatments of irrigation and fertilizer interaction, grain yield (8609.60 kg/hm2), spike number (688.2 thousand plants/hm2) and kernel number per spike (37.9 grains) reached the highest value at W3N3R2, and grain yield of W3N3R2 increased by 144.8% compared to the W1N0 (3517.5 kg/hm2). In conclusion, owing to insufficient rainfall at the late stage of winter wheat in eastern of Henan, the irrigation-saving space was relatively small, but the nitrogen-saving space is relatively large.