鱼类繁殖过程中GnRH的多维作用及应用进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0055

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 154-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0055

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇

鱼类繁殖过程中GnRH的多维作用及应用进展

杨悦瑶(), 李川, 李太成, 李逸帆, 徐帆, 蒋梓斌, 周贺()

大连海洋大学水产与生命学院/农业农村部北方海水增养殖学重点实验室/辽宁省北方鱼类应用生物学与增养殖重点实验室，辽宁大连 116023

收稿日期:2025-01-23 修回日期:2025-03-10 出版日期:2025-05-29 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者:
周贺，女，1985年出生，辽宁人，副教授，博士，研究方向：水产动物繁殖育种研究。通信地址：116023 辽宁省大连市沙河口区黑石礁街52号，E-mail：zhouhe@dlou.edu.cn.
作者简介:
杨悦瑶，女，1999年出生，辽宁人，硕士，研究方向：水产遗传育种与繁殖研究。通信地址：116023 辽宁省大连市沙河口区黑石礁街52号，E-mail：13591122473@163.com.
基金资助:
辽宁省科技重大专项种质创新工程“北方海洋经济动物种质创新与应用”(2024JH1/11700010); 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新重点专项”(2018YFD0900200)

Multidimensional Role and Application of GnRH in Fish Reproduction Process

YANG Yueyao(), LI Chuan, LI Taicheng, LI Yifan, XU Fan, JIANG Zibin, ZHOU He()

College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University/ Key Laboratory of Northern Mariculture & Stock Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning 116023

Received:2025-01-23 Revised:2025-03-10 Published:2025-05-29 Online:2025-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在鱼类繁殖过程中，促性腺激素释放激素GnRH(Gonadotropin releasing hormone)作为脊椎动物“下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴”的关键因子，对性腺发育和性激素分泌具有重要调控作用，其生理功能对鱼类繁殖活动的成功至关重要。本综述总结了近年来国内外关于GnRH在鱼类繁殖中的研究进展，包括GnRH的结构分类、主要功能、作用机制及其类似物在鱼类繁殖中的应用。通过分析GnRH在调控鱼类性腺发育、性激素分泌及诱导排卵等方面的作用，揭示了其在鱼类繁殖中的核心地位。本综述旨在为深入解析鱼类生殖机制提供理论依据，同时为提高鱼类繁殖效率、开发GnRH相关繁殖调控技术提供参考，为进一步研究GnRH在鱼类繁殖中的应用潜力奠定基础。

关键词: GnRH, 鱼类繁殖, GtH, GnRH-A, HPG, LH, FSH, 性腺发育, 性激素分泌, 诱导排卵

Abstract:

In the process of fish reproduction, GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone), as a key factor in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis of vertebrates, plays a crucial regulatory role in gonadal development and sex hormone secretion. Its physiological functions are essential for the success of fish reproductive activities. This paper reviews recent domestic and international research progress on GnRH in fish reproduction, including the structural classification, main functions, mechanisms of action, and applications of GnRH analogs in fish reproduction. By analyzing the roles of GnRH in regulating fish gonadal development, sex hormone secretion, and ovulation induction, the core position of GnRH in fish reproduction is revealed. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of fish reproductive mechanisms, while offering references for improving fish reproductive efficiency and developing GnRH-related reproductive regulation technologies. It also lays the foundation for further research on the application potential of GnRH in fish reproduction.

Key words: GnRH, Fish reproduction, GtH, GnRH-A, HPG, LH, FSH, gonadal development, sex hormone secretion, ovulation induction

杨悦瑶, 李川, 李太成, 李逸帆, 徐帆, 蒋梓斌, 周贺. 鱼类繁殖过程中GnRH的多维作用及应用进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(15): 154-164.

YANG Yueyao, LI Chuan, LI Taicheng, LI Yifan, XU Fan, JIANG Zibin, ZHOU He. Multidimensional Role and Application of GnRH in Fish Reproduction Process[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(15): 154-164.

图/表 5

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序号	GnRH种类		①		②		③		④		⑤		⑥		⑦		⑧		⑨		⑩
1	Mammals（哺乳类）GnRH^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
2	Chicken（鸡）GnRHⅡ^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Ser		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
3	Pejerrey（银汉鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
4	Seabream（鲷鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
5	Catfish（鲶鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
6	Herring（鲱鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
7	Whitefish（鲱形白鲑）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Met		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
8	Salmon（鲑鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
9	Stickleback（刺鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
10	Coelacanth（腔棘鱼）GnRH		pGlu		Tyr		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
11	Dogfish（狗鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
12	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
13	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
14	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅢ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
15	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Ile		Asp		Asn		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
16	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
17	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
18	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅡ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
19	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅢ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂

序号	GnRH种类		①		②		③		④		⑤		⑥		⑦		⑧		⑨		⑩
1	Mammals（哺乳类）GnRH^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
2	Chicken（鸡）GnRHⅡ^*		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Ser		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
3	Pejerrey（银汉鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
4	Seabream（鲷鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
5	Catfish（鲶鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
6	Herring（鲱鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Leu		Ser		Pro		Gly-NH₂
7	Whitefish（鲱形白鲑）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Met		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
8	Salmon（鲑鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
9	Stickleback（刺鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Gly		Leu		Asn		Pro		Gly-NH₂
10	Coelacanth（腔棘鱼）GnRH		pGlu		Tyr		Trp		Ser		Tyr		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
11	Dogfish（狗鱼）GnRH		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
12	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
13	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
14	Catshark（鲟鲨）GnRHⅢ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂
15	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Ile		Asp		Asn		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
16	Elephant shark（姥鲨）GnRHⅡ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
17	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅠ		pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		Phe		Asp		Leu		Arg		Pro		Gly-NH₂
18	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅡ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Tyr		Pro		Gly-NH₂
19	Whale shark（鲸鲨）GnRHⅢ	pGlu		His		Trp		Ser		His		Gly		Trp		Leu		Pro		Gly-NH₂

种类	合成部位	分布部位	存在物种	代表蛋白	功能
GnRH-Ⅰ	前脑视前叶神经元	下丘脑、端脑、垂体	哺乳类、两栖类、鸟类、鱼类	mGnRH、sbGnRH	刺激垂体释放促性腺激素(GtH)
GnRH-Ⅱ	中脑	所有脑区、精巢、卵巢	鱼类	cGnRH	作为神经递质，间接介入生殖活动的调控过程
GnRH-Ⅲ	端脑	嗅叶、端脑区域	硬骨鱼类	sGnRH	作为神经传质，调节神经内分泌系统，调控动物繁殖等生理活动

种类	合成部位	分布部位	存在物种	代表蛋白	功能
GnRH-Ⅰ	前脑视前叶神经元	下丘脑、端脑、垂体	哺乳类、两栖类、鸟类、鱼类	mGnRH、sbGnRH	刺激垂体释放促性腺激素(GtH)
GnRH-Ⅱ	中脑	所有脑区、精巢、卵巢	鱼类	cGnRH	作为神经递质，间接介入生殖活动的调控过程
GnRH-Ⅲ	端脑	嗅叶、端脑区域	硬骨鱼类	sGnRH	作为神经传质，调节神经内分泌系统，调控动物繁殖等生理活动

鱼类繁殖过程中GnRH的多维作用及应用进展

Multidimensional Role and Application of GnRH in Fish Reproduction Process

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