欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 48-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0214

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆地区棉花秸秆粉碎还田及腐解现状调研

张建1,2(), 周岭1,2()   

  1. 1 塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
    2 自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-20
  • 通讯作者:
    周岭，教授，博士，研究方向：生物质资源化利用。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张建，男，1994年出生，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：生物质资源化利用。通信地址：843300 新疆阿拉尔市塔里木大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“棉秆木醋液促猪粪堆肥腐殖质Cu/Zn钝化过程的关联机制”(32360442); 新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目“生物质热解产物耦合生物发酵制备有机肥技术”(2022TF02)

Research on Status of Cotton Straw Crushing and Decomposition in Xinjiang Region

ZHANG Jian1,2(), ZHOU Ling1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300
    2 Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities, Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Alar, Xinjiang 843300
  • Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-07-29 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-01-20

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

15

摘要：

为了解新疆地区棉秆粉碎还田腐解现状，选取南疆和北疆地区的部分棉田以及相应的棉秆和土壤作为研究对象，测量棉秆长度，观察棉秆微观结构，对比分析图木舒克、库尔勒、奎屯和石河子地区棉秆还田对0~30 cm土层土壤养分含量的影响。结果显示：田间和土壤内部的棉秆粒径分布不均，田间棉秆粉碎长度<10 cm的占17%~18%，10~20 cm的约60%，>20 cm的约25%，0~30 cm土层深度中棉秆长度分布情况为<10 cm的占比52%，10~20 cm的占35%，>20 cm的占比为13%。观察还田棉秆腐解情况显示，棉秆结构随时间的延长逐渐被破坏，由最初的有层次感，变成粗糙分散且无规律的形状。从棉秆还田对不同深度土壤养分含量的影响来看，调研地点的土壤均偏碱性，各研究地点土壤含水率总体随土层深度增加而上升，南疆两地区土壤含水率显著比北疆两地区低，北疆两地区有机质含量明显比南疆两地区有机质含量高，各地点不同深度的全氮含量间均有显著性差异，除图木舒克外其余地点土壤速效磷含量整体随深度增加呈下降趋势，南疆研究地点速效钾含量则相对较少。调研发现，各地区棉秆还田对土壤性质的影响存在差异，这些差异不仅受自然环境因素影响，还与棉秆不同长度、不同埋深等因素有密切关系。本研究旨在实地考察棉秆粒径分布和棉秆埋深对土壤理化性质的影响，为今后研究棉秆粉碎还田技术提供科学依据。

关键词: 新疆, 棉秆粉碎, 棉秆还田, 棉秆腐解, 土壤养分

Abstract:

In order to understand the current situation of cotton stalks crushing and returning to the field for decomposition in Xinjiang, we took the returned cotton stalks and soil as the research objects to investigate the effect of cotton stalks returning to the field on the nutrient content of the soil in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. Soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in Tumushuke, Korla, Kuitun and Shihezi areas by field research method and five-point sampling method. The crushed length of cotton stalks in the field was 17%-18% at <10 cm, about 60% at 10-20 cm, and about 25% at >20 cm; the distribution of the length of cotton stalks in the depth of soil layer from 0 to 30 cm was 52% at <10 cm, 35% at 10-20 cm, and 13% at >20 cm; soil samples collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm of cotton fields were analyzed. The results showed that the soil moisture content of cotton fields in Tumushuke and Korla was 10%-18%, the organic matter was about 20 g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium was about 200 mg/kg; and that of cotton fields in Kuitun and Shihezi was 16%-20%, the organic matter was about 30 g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium was about 300 mg/kg. The highest quick-acting phosphorus was 181.44 mg/kg in Kuitun site and the lowest was 7.34 mg/kg in Korla, showing that the mean nutrient value in the southern border area was lower than that in the northern border. There are differences in the effects of returning cotton stalks to the field on soil properties in various regions, and these differences are not only affected by natural environmental factors, but also closely related to different grain sizes of cotton stalks, different burial depths and other factors. Cotton stalks crushed and returned to the field need to be adapted to local conditions, scientific return to the field.

Key words: Xinjiang, cotton straw crushing, cotton straw return to field, cotton straw decomposition, soil nutrients