辽宁省西部地区设施土壤养分分析及施肥建议

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0881

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明辽宁西部地区设施蔬菜生理病害发生的主要原因，减少化学肥料浪费和土壤环境污染，促进该地区蔬菜产业可持续发展，本研究于2022年1月—2024年12月，采集了北票市、黑山县、义县和阜新县等4个主产区设施蔬菜土壤样品82个，分析了其养分状况。结果表明：4个地区的土壤pH值呈中性，全氮、全磷和全钾含量丰富，碱解氮处于高水平；北票市、义县的有效磷含量较低，黑山县和阜新县有机质含量较高，北票市和义县为中等水平；钙含量普遍偏低，而镁含量过剩，且存在不同程度的盐渍化。建议北票市和义县适当增施有机肥以提高土壤有机质，所有研究区域均应该少施化肥，增施微生物肥料，适当补充中微量元素，并采取轮作倒茬、秸秆还田等措施降低土壤盐分。

关键词: 设施, 土壤, 养分, 分析, 科学施肥

Abstract:

The purposes of the study are to find the primary causes of physiological diseases in facility vegetables, reduce the waste of chemical fertilizers and soil environmental pollution, and promote the sustainable development of the facility vegetable industry in western Liaoning. This study collected and analyzed 82 soil samples from 4 major production areas (Beipiao City, Heishan County, Yixian County, and Fuxin County) in western Liaoning. The results indicated that the soil pH in all 4 regions was neutral, with abundant total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, and high levels of available nitrogen. However, available phosphorus levels were low in Beipiao City and Yixian County, while organic matter content was high in Heishan County and Fuxin County, and was moderate in Beipiao City and Yixian County. Calcium levels were generally low in all 4 regions, while magnesium levels were excessive, and the soils were all saline. It should appropriately increase the application of organic fertilizers such as farmyard manure, compost, and green manure to enhance soil organic matter content in Beipiao City and Yixian County. Meanwhile, it should reduce chemical fertilizer, increase microbial fertilizer application, and appropriately supplement trace elements, and reduce the concentration of salt ions in the soil in all 4 regions with measures such as crop rotation, stubble return, and other practices.

Key words: facilities, soil, nutrients, analysis, scientific fertilization

孙永生. 辽宁省西部地区设施土壤养分分析及施肥建议[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(5): 151-156.

SUN Yongsheng. Nutrient Analysis and Fertilization Recommendation of Facility Soil in Western Liaoning[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 151-156.

图/表 9

参考文献 11

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指标	极丰富	丰富	较丰富	适量	贫乏	极贫乏
全氮	>2	1.5~2	1~1.5	0.75~1	0.5~0.75	<0.5
全磷	>1	0.8~1	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2
全钾	>25	20~25	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5
交换性钙含量	>3.5	3.0~3.5	2.0~3.0	1.0~2.0	≤1.0
交换性镁含量	>0.15	0.1~0.15	0.05~0.1	0.025~0.05	≤0.025

指标	极丰富	丰富	较丰富	适量	贫乏	极贫乏
全氮	>2	1.5~2	1~1.5	0.75~1	0.5~0.75	<0.5
全磷	>1	0.8~1	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2
全钾	>25	20~25	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5
交换性钙含量	>3.5	3.0~3.5	2.0~3.0	1.0~2.0	≤1.0
交换性镁含量	>0.15	0.1~0.15	0.05~0.1	0.025~0.05	≤0.025

指标	临界值	极低	低	中	较高	高
有机质/(g/kg)	20	<10	10~20	20~30	30~40	≥40
碱解氮/(mg/kg)	50	<25	25~50	50-100	100~150	≥150
有效磷/(mg/kg)	50	<25	25~50	50~100	100-150	≥150
速效钾/(mg/kg)	150	<100	100~150	150~200	200-300	≥300

指标	临界值	极低	低	中	较高	高
有机质/(g/kg)	20	<10	10~20	20~30	30~40	≥40
碱解氮/(mg/kg)	50	<25	25~50	50-100	100~150	≥150
有效磷/(mg/kg)	50	<25	25~50	50~100	100-150	≥150
速效钾/(mg/kg)	150	<100	100~150	150~200	200-300	≥300

指标	pH	全氮/ (g/kg)	全磷/ (g/kg)	全钾/ (g/kg)	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)	有机质/ (g/kg)	交换性钙/ (g/kg)	交换性镁/ (g/kg)	全盐/ (g/kg)
平均	7.06	2.41	1.55	21.26	227.55	34.15	142.38	22.48	1.95	0.24	3.65
标准差	0.54	0.68	0.45	1.74	100.02	11.63	50.19	7.65	1.08	0.15	1.24
变异系数/%	8	28	29	8	44	34	35	34	55	63	34