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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 155-162.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0663

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

5种蒿属植物精油的成分及其体外抗氧化活性分析

李子涵1(), 马养民1(), 马思悦1(), 尚梦华1, 王凯1, 张珊珊2, 王鹤达2, 张艳辉2   

  1. 1 陕西科技大学化学与化工学院, 西安 710021
    2 陕西中烟工业有限责任公司, 西安 710065
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-08 修回日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者:
    马养民,男,1963年出生,陕西乾县人,教授,博士,主要从事天然产物化学研究。通信地址:710021 西安市未央大学园区,Tel:029-86168012,E-mail:
    马思悦,女,1991年出生,陕西乾县人,副教授,博士,主要从事有机化学研究。通信地址:710021 西安市未央大学园区,Tel:029-86168012,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李子涵,女,2001年出生,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,主要从事天然产物化学研究。通信地址:710021 西安市未央大学园区,Tel:029-86168012,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    陕西中国烟草工业有限责任公司科技项目“陕产特色香料植物的烟用香料开发及应用研究”(ZB23012)

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Five Different Artemisia Species

LI Zihan1(), MA Yangmin1(), MA Siyue1(), SHANG Menghua1, WANG Kai1, ZHANG Shanshan2, WANG Heda2, ZHANG Yanhui2   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021
    2 China Tobacco Shaanxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710065
  • Received:2025-08-08 Revised:2026-02-25 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-15

摘要:

为寻找高效、绿色的食品抗氧化保鲜剂,以水蒸气蒸馏法从陕西产5种蒿属植物(白蒿、蒌蒿、青蒿、牡蒿、艾蒿)中提取精油,采用气质联用法对其主要化学成分进行分析,并对5种不同精油感官、抗氧化能力进行评估。结果显示,5种蒿属植物精油的含量和主要化学成分有一定的差异,从白蒿精油中鉴定出10种化合物,蒌蒿精油鉴定出32种化合物,青蒿精油鉴定出24种化合物,牡蒿精油鉴定出18种化合物,艾蒿精油鉴定出40种化合物。5种精油主要成分虽各不相同,但也存在共同的成分氧化石竹烯。采用DPPH、ABTS自由基清除试验对精油的抗氧化能力进行测定。研究表明,蒌蒿、青蒿、艾蒿精油有良好的抗氧化活性,蒌蒿精油抗氧化能力尤为突出,蒿类植物有望成为潜在的食品保鲜剂。

关键词: 蒿属植物, 水蒸气蒸馏, 精油, GC-MS, 成分分析, 抗氧化能力, 氧化石竹烯

Abstract:

The aim is to find efficient and green natural antioxidants for food preservation. Essential oils were extracted from five Artemisia species (Artemisia sieversiana, A. selengensis, A. carvifolia, A. japonica and A. argyi) produced in Shaanxi by hydrodistillation. Their chemical compositions were analyzed via GC-MS, and their sensory profiles and antioxidant activities were evaluated. The results indicated distinct variations in chemical constituents among the five oils. Specifically, 10, 32, 24, 18, and 40 compounds were identified in the oils of A. sieversiana, A. selengensis, A. carvifolia, A. japonica, and A. argyi, respectively. While the dominant components differed, caryophyllene oxide was identified as a common constituent across all samples. Antioxidant capacities were determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The findings demonstrate that the essential oils of A. selengensis, A. carvifolia, and A. argyi exhibit favorable antioxidant activity, with A. selengensis oil showing the most prominent efficacy. These results suggest that Artemisia species hold significant potential as natural food preservatives.

Key words: Artemisia, steam distillation method, essential oil, GC-MS, component analysis, antioxidant activity, caryophyllene oxide

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