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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (33): 51-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0550

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆橡胶草农艺性状与橡胶产量的主成分和聚类分析

赵晶1(), 吐汗姑丽·托合提2, 徐麟2(), 高强2(), 郑立鹏1, 张龑2, 骆友鹏3, 严青青2, 汤丽斯2, 祖力克艳·麻那甫2, 阿依加马力·克然木2, 杨玉双4, 王伟平5   

  1. 1 新疆农业大学农学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
    2 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/国家中亚特色作物种质资源中期库（乌鲁木齐），乌鲁木齐 830091
    3 伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院，新疆伊宁 835000
    4 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所，海口 571101
    5 乌鲁木齐蒲仲情农业科技有限公司，乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-09-11 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者:
    徐麟，男，1968年出生，湖北黄岗人，二级研究员，本科，研究方向：种质资源收集保存、鉴定评价与创新利用研究。通信地址：830091 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路403号，E-mail：；
    高强，男，1988年出生，四川资阳人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：种质资源收集保存、鉴定评价与创新利用研究。通信地址：830091 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路403号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵晶，女，2001年出生，陕西汉中人，硕士研究生，研究方向：种质资源收集保存、鉴定评价与创新利用研究。通信地址：830052 新疆乌鲁木齐沙依巴克区农大东路311号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆天山英才培养计划“橡胶草种质资源挖掘与创新利用研究”(2023TSYCLJ0010); “三农”骨干人才培养项目“产胶作物橡胶草盐碱地栽培研究及规模化种植示范”(2024SNGGNT071); 第三次新疆综合科学考察项目“伊犁河流域农业生物物种资源调查”(2022xjkk0503); 新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目“栽培条件下不同生态型橡胶草橡胶积累规律研究”(xjnkq-2023016); 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院科技创新稳定支持项目“耐盐橡胶草种质资源筛选及优异基因挖掘”(xjnkywdzc-2025001-22)

Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Rubber Yield and Agronomic Traits of Taraxacum kok-saghyz in Xinjiang

ZHAO Jing1(), TUHANGULI Tuoheti2, XU Lin2(), GAO Qiang2(), ZHENG Lipeng1, ZHANG Yan2, LUO Youpeng3, YAN Qingqing2, TANG Lisi2, ZULKEYA Manaf2, AYIJIAMALI Keranmu2, YANG Yushuang4, WANG Weiping5   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
    2 Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Central Asian Characteristic Crop Germplasm Resources Medium-Term Gene Bank (Urumqi), Urumqi 830091
    3 College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000
    4 Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101
    5 Urumqi Puzhongqing Agricultural Technology Company Limited, Urumqi 830011
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-09-11 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-01

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摘要：

为明确橡胶草产胶量形成的关键影响因子，筛选高产橡胶草种质资源。以新疆地区38份不同来源橡胶草为试材，测定叶长、叶宽、株幅、花葶高度、根长、根粗、叶鲜重、根鲜重、始花期天数及橡胶含量10个农艺性状，采用相关性、主成分及聚类分析法展开综合评价。结果表明：（1）橡胶产量与（根鲜重×橡胶含量）与叶长、根粗、根鲜重呈显著相关(P<0.05)，与始花期天数呈负相关；（2）主成分分析提取前4个主成分，累计方差贡献率73.078%，分别定义为地上部形态因子（叶长、株幅，贡献率32.075%）、生物量因子（叶鲜重、根鲜重，贡献率16.629%）、根系因子（根粗，贡献率13.004%）及根长因子（贡献率11.37%），性状对产量的贡献排序为根粗>根长>叶长>根鲜重>叶鲜重>株幅>叶宽>始花期天数>花葶高度>橡胶含量；（3）聚类分析将38份种质分为3类，Ⅱ类群（4份，占比10.52%）综合表现最优，其根鲜重（14.0±1.372 g）、橡胶含量（8.09±1.100%）均显著高于其他类群；（4）根粗、叶长、根鲜重可作为橡胶草高产潜力的核心评价指标。综上，筛选出的TK57、TK10、TK99等3份种质可作为高产橡胶草育种亲本，研究结果为橡胶草高产栽培与品种选育提供理论支撑。

关键词: 橡胶草, 农艺性状, 橡胶产量, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

To identify key factors influencing rubber yield and screen high-yield germplasm of Taraxacum kok-saghyz, 38 accessions from Xinjiang were evaluated for ten agronomic traits, including leaf length, leaf width, plant spread, scape height, root length, root width, fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, days to initial flowering, and rubber content. Correlation analysis, Principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were conducted for comprehensive assessment. The results showed that: (1) rubber yield (fresh root weight × rubber content) was significantly correlated with leaf length, root width, and fresh root weight (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with days of initial flowering. (2) PCA extracted four principal components with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.078%, defined as the aboveground morphology factor (leaf length, plant spread; 32.075%), biomass factor (fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight; 16.629%), root system factor (root width; 13.004%), and root length factor (11.370%). The traits were ranked by contribution to yield as follows: root width > root length > leaf length > fresh root weight > fresh leaf weight > plant spread > leaf width > days to initial flowering > scape height > rubber content. (3) Cluster analysis classified the accessions into three groups, with Group II (4 accessions, 10.52%) exhibiting superior performance, showing significantly higher fresh root weight (14.0 ± 1.372 g) and rubber content (8.09 ± 1.100%). (4) Root width, leaf length, and fresh root weight were identified as key indicators for high-yield potential. In conclusion, three accessions (TK57, TK10, TK99) show promise as parental lines for high-yield breeding. These findings provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and variety development of Taraxacum kok-saghyz.

Key words: Taraxaxcum kok-saghyz, agronomic traits, rubber yield, principal component analysis, cluster analysis