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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 31-40.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0093

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏地区引种油菜的农艺性状综合评价与适应性分析

李施蒙(), 南志强, 白玛央珍, 王晋雄()   

  1. 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所， 拉萨 850032
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者:
    王晋雄，男，1982年出生，湖北恩施人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：油菜育种与推广。通信地址：850032 西藏拉萨市城关区金珠西路157号 西藏自治区农牧科学院，Tel：0891-6519891，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李施蒙，女，1990年出生，四川绵阳人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：油菜育种与推广。通信地址：850032 西藏拉萨市城关区金珠西路157号 西藏自治区农牧科学院，Tel：0891-6519891，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    拉萨市重点科技计划“抗旱抗寒甘蓝型油菜新种质挖掘与新品种选育”(LSKJ202430); 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所统筹项目(NYSTC202409)

Comprehensive Evaluation and Adaptability Analysis of Rapeseed Agronomic Traits in Xizang

LI Shimeng(), NAN Zhiqiang, BAIMA Yangzhen, WANG Jinxiong()   

  1. Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasha 850032
  • Received:2025-02-21 Revised:2025-05-15 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-30

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摘要：

为解决西藏春油菜区甘蓝型油菜种质资源匮乏、品种单一、产量偏低及品质较差的问题，明确不同生态区甘蓝型油菜在西藏的引种适应性，拓宽本地油菜育种资源，本研究收集全国5大生态区66份甘蓝型油菜品种（系），以西藏本地主栽品种‘山油2号’为对照，在海拔3650 m的西藏拉萨试验地进行引种试验。系统测定参试品种的生育期、10项农艺性状及产量，运用相关性分析、主成分分析和隶属函数分析法进行综合评价。结果显示，参试品种的生育期在130.9~141.6 d之间，表现出较为丰富的遗传变异，变异系数介于0.15~0.32之间，产量范围908.8~4302.2 kg/hm2，黄淮海区油菜平均产量最高，达3259.9 kg/hm2。主要农艺性状方面，主花序角果数、单株角果数、分枝部位及千粒重可作为评估西藏地区甘蓝型油菜适应性的关键参考指标。主成分分析与隶属函数分析的综合结果表明，在农艺性状综合排名前10的品种中，黄淮海区占2份，长江上游区占1份，长江中游区占7份，从优异品种在各区域参试品种总数中的比例及各区域品种平均产量来看，黄淮海及长江中游区表现较优。这些品种在植株形态和产量形成方面较为均衡，且在生长势和丰产潜力上优于西藏地区主栽品种，具备较好的示范推广潜力。综合分析表明，西藏地区引种黄淮海及长江中游区的油菜品种表现出较为优越的综合农艺性状，未来可有针对性地引种该区域的油菜品种，进一步提升西藏油菜的种植效益和种质改良水平。

关键词: 油菜, 引种, 适应性, 农艺性状, 产量, 主成分分析, 隶属函数分析, 综合评价, 西藏

Abstract:

To explore the introduction adaptability of Brassica napus in the spring rapeseed region of Xizang and broaden the local rapeseed germplasm resources, this study conducted an introduction trial using Brassica napus varieties from various ecological regions across the country. Using principal component analysis, and membership function analysis, the agronomic traits of multiple varieties were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the growth duration of the tested varieties ranged from 130.9 to 141.6 days, exhibiting significant genetic variation with a variation coefficient ranging from 0.15 to 0.32. The yield ranged from 908.8 to 4302.2 kg/hm2. The average yield of rapeseed of the Huang-Huai-Hai Region was the highest at 3259.9 kg/hm2. Regarding major agronomic traits, the number of silique on the main raceme, the number of silique per plant, branch position, and thousand-grain weight could serve as key indicators for evaluating the adaptability of Brassica napus in Xizang. Principal component and membership function analysis indicated that among the top 10 varieties in terms of comprehensive agronomic traits, two were from the Huang-Huai-Hai Region, one from the upper Yangtze River Region, and seven from the middle Yangtze River Region. Considering the proportion of outstanding varieties among the total tested varieties in each region and the average yield of varieties in each region, the Huang-Huai-Hai and the middle Yangtze River Region performed relatively better. These varieties showed a relatively balanced performance in plant morphology and yield formation, and were superior to the local main-cultivated varieties in Xizang in terms of growth vigor and high-yield potential, possessing good demonstration and promotion potential. The comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the introduction of rapeseed varieties from the Huang-Huai-Hai and the middle Yangtze River Region in Xizang exhibited relatively superior comprehensive agronomic traits. In the future, targeted introduction of varieties from these regions could further enhance the planting efficiency and germplasm improvement level of rapeseed in Xizang.

Key words: rapeseed, introduction, adaptability, agronomic traits, yield, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, comprehensive evaluation, Xizang