欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 95-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0689

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同类型地膜的降解特征及其对樱桃番茄产量和土壤环境的影响

宋占华1(), 黄杰1, 张世冠1, 韦爱琳1(), 钟勇2(), 梁忠明1, 李连华3, 农媛1, 宋艺1, 甘桂云4, 何炳竹5   

  1. 1 百色市农业科学研究所/广西壮族自治区农业科学院百色分院, 广西百色 533612
    2 广西职业技术学院, 南宁 530000
    3 百色市现代农业技术研究推广中心, 广西百色 533612
    4 广西农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 南宁 530000
    5 百色市农业生态和资源保护站, 广西百色 533099
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者:
    韦爱琳,女,1980年出生,广西田阳人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事蔬菜病虫害防治与新技术推广研究。通信地址:533612 广西壮族自治区百色市田阳区百育镇,百色市农业科学研究所,E-mail:
    钟勇,男,1985年出生,广西柳州人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事蔬菜、果树新品种引进推广、农业病虫害防治技术研究。通信地址:530226 广西南宁市江南区明阳工业区明阳大道19号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    宋占华,男,1999年出生,云南曲靖人,初级农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事蔬菜栽培生理与技术应用。通信地址:533612 广西壮族自治区百色市田阳区百育镇,百色市农业科学研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队“蔬菜桂西综合试验站”(nycytxgxcxtd-2023-10-06); 广西科技计划项目“田阳番茄产业提质增效科技成果推广示范”(桂科AB23026077)

Degradation Characteristics of Different Types of Plastic Film and Their Effects on Cherry Tomato Yield and Soil Environment

SONG Zhanhua1(), HUANG Jie1, ZHANG Shiguan1, WEI Ailin1(), ZHONG Yong2(), LIANG Zhongming1, LI Lianhua3, NONG Yuan1, SONG Yi1, GAN Guiyun4, HE Bingzhu5   

  1. 1 Baise Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Baise Branch of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baise, Guangxi 533612
    2 Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, Nanning 530000
    3 Modern Agricultural Technology Research and Extension Center of Baise, Baise, Guangxi 533612
    4 Institute of Vegetables, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530000
    5 Baise Station of Agricultural Ecology and Resources Protection, Baise, Guangxi 533099
  • Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-12-24 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-30

摘要:

为筛选适宜樱桃番茄生长且能改善土壤环境的降解地膜类型,本研究以不覆盖为对照,研究国标膜、加厚膜和2种全生物降解膜的降解特征及其对樱桃番茄产量、土壤环境的影响。结果表明:(1)国标膜和2种降解膜分别在播后70、51、64 d进入诱导期,而加厚膜无明显变化,降解膜降解速率最快,降解率也最高;(2)覆膜种植主要影响0~10 cm表层土壤温湿度,整个生育期国标膜、加厚膜、降解膜A和降解膜B,4种不同覆膜处理使表层土壤平均分别增温1.18、1.52、0.78、1.14℃,平均湿度较不覆膜处理分别提高1.75%、2.19%、3.06%和2.61%;(3)覆盖地膜有助于樱桃番茄前期的生长,提高其前期产量,尤其是降解膜B在第2次采摘增产显著,这有助于樱桃番茄提早上市,可能带来更好的经济效益。综上,全生物降解地膜在樱桃番茄生产中表现出适宜的降解周期,其维持土壤温湿度及保障作物产量的效果与普通地膜无显著差异。由此可见,全生物降解地膜在替代传统塑料地膜方面具有明显的环境优势和应用前景,值得进一步推广。

关键词: 地膜, 全生物降解膜, 樱桃番茄, 降解特征, 土壤水热, 产量

Abstract:

Suitable types of biodegradable film were screened for cherry tomato growth and soil environmental friendliness. This study employed a non-mulching treatment as a control to investigate the degradation characteristics of national standard polyethylene film, thickened film, and two types of fully biodegradable films, as well as their effects on cherry tomato yield and soil environment. The results showed that: (1) the national standard film and the two fully biodegradable films entered the induction period at 70, 51 and 64 days after sowing, respectively, while the thickened film exhibited no significant changes; among them, the degradation film decomposed at the fastest rate and also achieved the highest degradation level. (2) Film mulching primarily influenced the temperature and moisture of the surface soil at 0-10 cm depth. Throughout the growth period, the four film treatments, national standard film, thickened film, degradation film A, and degradation film B, increased the average soil temperature by 1.18, 1.52, 0.78 and 1.14℃, respectively, and raised the average soil moisture by 1.75%, 2.19%, 3.06%, and 2.61% compared to the non-mulched control. (3) Film mulching promoted the early growth of cherry tomatoes and increased early yield, with degradation film B showing a particularly notable yield improvement by the second harvest. This indicated that mulching could facilitate earlier harvesting of cherry tomatoes and potentially lead to improved economic returns. In summary, fully biodegradable film exhibits a suitable degradation cycle in cherry tomato production, and its effect on maintaining soil temperature and humidity and ensuring crop yield was not significantly different from that of ordinary film. Therefore, fully biodegradable film could serve as an effective substitute for ordinary film in cherry tomato production.

Key words: mulch film, fully biodegradable film, cherry tomato, degradation characteristics, soil hydrothermal conditions, yield