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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 8-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0376

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇中地区马铃薯品种抗旱性综合评价

王平1(), 王镭1, 谢成俊1(), 孙振荣1, 陈娟2   

  1. 1 兰州市农业科技研究推广中心， 兰州 730010
    2 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所， 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    谢成俊，男，1969年出生，甘肃永登人，研究员，研究生，研究方向：农业技术推广。通信地址：730010 兰州市城关区雁宁路256号，Tel：0931-8774901，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王平，男，1979年出生，甘肃定西人，高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：作物高产高效栽培技术研究。通信地址：730010 兰州市城关区雁宁路256号，Tel：0931-8584981，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    兰州市科技计划项目“旱作区马铃薯抗旱节水关键技术集成与应用”(2024-3-101); 兰州市科技计划项目“兰州牛肉拉面专用春小麦品种筛选与面粉品质研究”(2024-6-5)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Potato Varieties in Longzhong Region

WANG Ping1(), WANG Lei1, XIE Chengjun1(), SUN Zhenrong1, CHEN Juan2   

  1. 1 Lanzhou Agriculture Science and Technology Research and Extension Center, Lanzhou 730010
    2 Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

针对陇中干旱半干旱地区马铃薯生产受干旱胁迫制约，优质抗旱品种匮乏的问题，筛选适合陇中冷凉地区种植的耐旱高产马铃薯品种，以‘L14140-5’‘甘引9号’‘Ly1742-2’等12个马铃薯品种（系）为材料，采用裂区试验设计，主区设干旱胁迫（无灌溉）和正常灌溉处理，副区为品种，测定株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值等农艺性状及产量，结合抗旱系数、主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：（1）干旱胁迫显著抑制马铃薯生长与产量，灌溉处理下株高、LAI、SPAD值、单株干物质积累量、产量分别较干旱胁迫增加0.77%~67.74%、2.94%~32.25%、0.82%~83.01%、4.73%~21.07%、1.53%~75.89%。（2）品种间抗旱性差异显著，‘陇薯10号’干旱胁迫下产量降幅仅1.53%，抗旱系数0.98，抗旱指数1.402，表现最优。（3）聚类分析将参试品种划分为3类，高抗旱品种4个（‘陇薯10号’‘L14140-5’‘Ly1742-2’‘Ly1725-1’），中等抗旱品种6个，弱抗旱品种2个（‘富达1号’‘沃土5号’）。综上，‘陇薯10号’‘L14140-5’综合性状优异，抗旱性强、产量稳定，适宜在陇中半干旱地区推广种植。未来可开展多年多点试验，结合生理生化指标与分子标记，深化品种抗旱机制研究，为抗旱育种提供更全面支撑。

关键词: 陇中地区, 马铃薯品种, 干旱胁迫, 抗旱性, 农艺性状, 产量, 隶属函数, 聚类分析

Abstract:

To address the constraints of drought stress on potato production and the scarcity of high-quality drought-tolerant varieties in the arid and semi-arid regions of Longzhong, this study aimed to screen drought-tolerant and high-yielding potato varieties suitable for cultivation in the cool and cold areas of Longzhong. Using 12 potato varieties (or lines) as materials, including ‘L14140-5’, ‘Ganyin 9’, and ‘Ly1742-2’, a split-plot experimental design was implemented. The main plots consisted of two water treatments: drought stress (non-irrigation) and normal irrigation, while the subplots comprised the varieties. Agronomic traits such as plant height, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, and yield were measured. A comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance was conducted using the drought resistance coefficient, principal component analysis, membership function method, and cluster analysis. The results revealed that: (1) drought stress significantly inhibited potato growth and yield. Under irrigation treatment, increases of 0.77%-67.74% in plant height, 2.94%-32.25% in LAI, 0.82%-83.01% in SPAD values, 4.73%-21.07% in dry matter accumulation per plant, and 1.53%-75.89% in yield were observed compared to drought stress conditions. (2) Significant differences in drought tolerance were observed among varieties. ‘Longshu 10’ exhibited the best performance, with only a 1.53% yield reduction under drought stress, a drought resistance coefficient of 0.98, and a drought resistance index of 1.402. (3) Cluster analysis categorized the varieties into three groups: four highly drought-tolerant varieties (‘Longshu 10’, ‘L14140-5’, ‘Ly1742-2’, ‘Ly1725-1’), six moderately drought-tolerant varieties, and two weakly drought-tolerant varieties (‘Fuda 1’, ‘Wotu 5’). In conclusion, ‘Longshu 10’ and ‘L14140-5’ demonstrated excellent comprehensive traits, strong drought tolerance, and stable yields, making them suitable for promotion and cultivation in the semi-arid regions of Longzhong. Future research should involve multi-year and multi-location trials, combined with physiological, biochemical indicators, and molecular markers, to further elucidate the drought tolerance mechanisms and provide more comprehensive support for drought-resistant breeding.

Key words: Longzhong region, potato varieties, drought stress, drought resistance, agronomic traits, yield, subordinate function, cluster analysis