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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 16-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0330

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

减量简化侧深施肥对水稻物质生产及品质的影响

唐建鹏1(), 陈京都1(), 刘绍贵1, 洪叶1, 张彦2, 辛海滨2, 陆佩玲1, 张明伟1   

  1. 1 扬州市农业技术综合服务中心， 江苏扬州 225100
    2 扬州市江都区农业技术综合服务中心， 江苏扬州 225200
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-18 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者:
    陈京都，男，1985年出生，江苏邳州人，高级农艺师，博士，主要从事农作物栽培技术研究与推广。通信地址：225100 江苏省扬州市经济开发区江海路19号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    唐建鹏，男，1991年出生，江西崇仁人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事农作物栽培技术研究与推广。通信地址：225100 江苏省扬州市经济开发区江海路19号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    “江苏现代农业（稻麦）产业技术体系江都推广示范基地”(JATS[2023]249); “扬州市稻麦科技综合展示基地项目”(2024042)

Impact of Reduced and Simplified Side Deep Fertilization on Rice Biomass Production and Quality

TANG Jianpeng1(), CHEN Jingdu1(), LIU Shaogui1, HONG Ye1, ZHANG Yan2, XIN Haibin2, LU Peiling1, ZHANG Mingwei1   

  1. 1 Yangzhou Comprehensive Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100
    2 Jiangdu District Comprehensive Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225200
  • Received:2025-04-18 Revised:2025-12-23 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

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摘要：

为探究侧深施肥对水稻生物量积累、产量形成及其稻米品质的影响，本试验设置不施氮肥(0N)为空白对照，设置300 kg/hm2常规肥分次施用作为常规对照(CK)。主处理为侧深施用缓释掺混肥和侧深施用常规复合肥，在各主处理下，设置240、270、300 kg/hm2 3个氮肥用量为梯度为副处理。另设两个减氮10%的处理，分别为侧深一次性施用缓释掺混肥(ODS18)以及常规复合肥侧深施用一基一追(DSC18)模式，共8个处理。结果表明：与CK相比，侧深施肥在减氮10%~20%情况下，未减少有效茎蘖数，反而促进分蘖，有效茎蘖数增幅4.5%~56.5%，有效穗数增幅7.5%~22.1%。侧深施肥提高了不同施氮量水平下水稻的株高，显著增加了叶面积指数，有利于水稻前期生长，显著提高了水稻的光合势、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力。其中，侧深施缓释掺混肥的效果优于侧深施用常规复合肥，且在施氮量为270 kg/hm2时，水稻的光合势和氮肥利用率达到峰值。在减氮和减少施肥次数的情况下，侧深施肥能有效增加有效穗数，且不降低结实率和千粒重，这是其产量增加的主要原因。侧深施用缓释掺混肥减氮20%处理的产量接近对照，减氮10%处理增产14.5%，表明减氮简化结合侧深施用缓释掺混肥具有显著的增产潜力。侧深施肥对稻米品质的影响复杂，可提高稻米蛋白质含量，对加工品质、外观品质的影响较小。侧深施复合肥的整精米率高于对照，一次性侧深施用缓释掺混肥能显著提高整精米率并降低直链淀粉含量。综上，侧深施肥是一种高效的施肥方式，可在降低10%~20%氮肥使用量和减少2~3次施肥次数的情况下，稳定甚至提高产量，尤其是侧深施用缓释掺混肥减氮20%的处理，在不降低产量的前提下，还能稳定加工品质和外观品质，具备大规模推广价值。

关键词: 侧深施肥, 减量简化, 物质生产, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of side-deep fertilization on rice biomass production, yield formation, and grain quality, in this experiment, no nitrogen fertilizer (0N) was set as the blank control, and the split application of 300 kg/hm2 conventional fertilizer was set as the conventional control (CK). Two main plots were established: side-deep application of slow-release blended fertilizer and side-deep application of conventional compound fertilizer. Within these main plots, three nitrogen application gradients (240, 270 and 300 kg/hm2) were set as subplots. Additionally, two modes with a 10% nitrogen reduction were included: a one-time side-deep application of slow-release blended fertilizer (ODS18), and a one-base-one-topdressing side-deep application of conventional fertilizer (DSC18), resulting in a total of eight treatments. The results showed that compared with the control, side-deep fertilization did not reduce the number of tillers even when nitrogen application was reduced by 10%-20%; instead, it promoted tillering, with tiller numbers increased by 4.5% to 56.5% and effective panicles increased by 7.5% to 22.1%. Under side-deep fertilization, plant height increased across all nitrogen application levels, and the leaf area index significantly improved, favoring early-stage rice growth. It also significantly enhanced the photosynthetic potential, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, with side-deep application of slow-release blended fertilizer outperforming side-deep application of conventional compound fertilizer. The highest photosynthetic potential and nitrogen use efficiency were achieved with slow-release blended fertilizer at a nitrogen application rate of 270 kg/hm2. Under reduced nitrogen application and fewer fertilization events, side-deep fertilization effectively increased the number of effective panicles without reducing the seed-setting rate or 1000-grain weight, which were the main reasons for the yield increase. The yield of side-deep application of slow-release blended fertilizer with a 20% nitrogen reduction was close to that of the control, while a 10% nitrogen reduction increased yield by 14.5%, demonstrating significant potential for yield enhancement and efficiency improvement. The effects of side-deep fertilization on rice quality were complex, which could increase protein content but had minimal impact on processing and appearance quality. The head rice rate under side-deep application of compound fertilizer was higher than that of the control, and one-time deep side application of slow-release blended fertilizer significantly improved the head rice rate and reduced amylose content. In summary, side deep fertilization is an efficient fertilization method, which can stabilize or even increase the yield under the condition of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer by 10% -20% and reducing the number of fertilization times by 2-3 times. In particular, the treatment of side deep application of slow-release blended fertilizer with 20% nitrogen reduction can stabilize the processing quality and appearance quality without reducing the yield, and has the value of large-scale promotion.

Key words: side-deep fertilization, reduced and simplified, biomass production, yield, quality