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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 128-132.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0792

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同改良剂对冬小麦产量、养分吸收及土壤养分的影响

李亚莉1(), 路国梁1, 吴正虎1, 郭飞1(), 张喜生1, 刘安2   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区塔城地区农业技术推广中心, 新疆塔城 834700
    2 新疆广播电视学校塔城地区分校, 新疆塔城 834700
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者:
    郭飞,男,1982年出生,山东东明人,正高级农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事小麦、玉米高产栽培技术及理论方面的研究。通信地址:834700 新疆塔城市六合创业大厦A区409室,Tel:0901-6272321,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李亚莉,女,1992年出生,山东莱州人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:土壤肥料与作物营养。通信地址:834700 新疆塔城市六合大厦A区 塔城地区农业技术推广中心,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    塔城英才青年托举人才项目“盐碱改良剂筛选及在小麦上的示范推广”

Effects of Different Amendments on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Winter Wheat and Soil Nutrients

LI Yali1(), LU Guoliang1, WU Zhenghu1, GUO Fei1(), ZHANG Xisheng1, LIU An2   

  1. 1 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Tacheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tacheng, Xinjiang 834700
    2 Tacheng Branch of Xinjiang Radio and Television School, Tacheng, Xinjiang 834700
  • Received:2025-09-15 Revised:2025-12-24 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

摘要:

为提升轻度盐碱地冬小麦产量,本研究系统探讨了不同改良剂对冬小麦生物量、产量、N、P、K吸收量以及土壤养分含量的影响,以期为盐碱冬小麦提质增产提供技术支撑。本研究于2025年在新疆塔城地区塔城市开展田间试验。在田间种植模式相同的情况下,设置6个不同改良剂施入处理,即:不施改良剂处理(CK)、有机肥处理(OF)、腐殖酸处理(HA)、生物菌肥处理(MF)、脱硫石膏处理(FGD)和生物菌肥+脱硫石膏处理(MF+FGD),分析各处理对冬小麦产量、养分吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:在不同改良剂处理下的冬小麦产量、干物质量、NPK的养分吸收量较CK处理均呈现增加趋势,产量最大值在FGD处理,较CK处理产量增加9.05%,差异显著;所有处理均降低了土壤pH值,除FDG处理外,其余处理均使土壤总盐较CK处理呈下降趋势;OF处理、HA处理和MF处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量。因此,施用改良剂有助于改善土壤环境,提高冬小麦产量和养分吸收量。本研究表明,在轻度盐碱地条件下,脱硫石膏(FGD)处理在提升冬小麦产量与养分吸收方面表现最优,同时可有效降低土壤pH值。

关键词: 改良剂, 冬小麦, 产量, 土壤盐碱化

Abstract:

The aim is to investigate the effects of different soil amendments on winter wheat biomass, grain yield, N-P-K uptake and soil nutrient status, so as to provide technical support for improving both the quality and productivity of winter wheat grown in saline-alkaline soils. A field experiment was conducted in 2025 in Tacheng City, Xinjiang. Under identical field-management practices, 6 amendment treatments were established: no amendment (CK), organic fertilizer (OF), humic acid (HA), microbial fertilizer (MF), flue-gas desulfurized gypsum (FGD), and microbial fertilizer+flue-gas desulfurized gypsum (MF+FGD). Grain yield, nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties were measured. The results showed that: compared with CK, all amendment treatments increased grain yield, dry-matter accumulation and N-P-K uptake. The highest yield (9.05% greater than CK, P<0.05) was recorded under FGD. Soil pH declined in every amended plot, and total soluble salts also decreased except in the FGD treatment. Soil organic-matter content was enhanced by OF, HA and MF. In summary, the application of soil amendments increased winter wheat yield and N-P-K uptake while simultaneously ameliorating soil conditions.

Key words: amendment, winter wheat, yield, soil salinization