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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0917

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

新疆南疆正播玉米品种适应性筛选试验

李星星1(), 欧欢1, 杨健1, 张永杰2, 陈娟1, 李春艳3, 马辉1, 刘荣森1(), 李金鸿1   

  1. 1 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心， 新疆阿克苏 843000
    2 阿克苏地区农业农村局， 新疆阿克苏 843000
    3 新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站， 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-10 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    刘荣森，男，1982年出生，河南鲁山人，正高级农艺师，主要从事粮经作物新品种、新技术、新模式的引进试验示范和配套高产高效栽培技术研究推广。通信地址：843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，Tel：0997-2136513，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李星星，女，1993年出生，河南民权人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事农作物新产品、新技术的研究与示范推广服务。通信地址：843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，Tel：0997-2128017，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    玉米单产提升关键技术创新与系统化集成示范(2024SNGGNT050); 基于玉米—辣椒套种的南疆“一优双增”粮经间（套）作模式研究(2024SNGGNT046)

Adaptability Screening Test of Maize Varieties for Spring Sowing in Southern Xinjiang

LI Xingxing1(), OU Huan1, YANG Jian1, ZHANG Yongjie2, CHEN Juan1, LI Chunyan3, MA Hui1, LIU Rongsen1(), LI Jinhong1   

  1. 1 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Aksu Area Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Aksu, Xinjiang 843000
    2 Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau of Aksu Prefecture, Aksu, Xinjiang 843000
    3 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Urumqi 830000
  • Received:2025-11-10 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

新疆南疆正播玉米品种“多、乱、杂”、适配性差导致单产偏低，为筛选适宜当地的高产抗逆品种，以20个常种玉米品种为供试材料，在阿克苏温宿县开展正播试验，测定出苗率、农艺性状、穗部性状、产量构成因素，通过差异显著性分析筛选优异品种。结果显示，参试的20个玉米品种的平均出苗率为86.6%，‘东单1902’、‘农科大18’、‘东单509’和‘登海550’4个品种的出苗率最高，超过92%；17个品种穗位系数为0.4~0.5，均未发生倒伏现象；‘天玉912’、‘禾育157’穗部性状表现较为突出，穗长分别为18.9、18.4 cm，穗粗分别为46.8、49.3 mm，秃尖较短且秃尖率最低(10.0%~20.0%)；空秆数最低的是‘禾育157’和‘MC877’，‘德单1403’、‘禾育157’、‘天玉1885’、‘MC877’4个品种的单棒穗粒数最高，但‘德单1403’的千粒重较低，故产量不高，‘禾育157’、‘天玉1885’、‘MC877’、‘天玉912’4个品种的千粒重较重，且群体有效株数较高，最终产量表现突出。分析表明，‘禾育157’、‘MC877’、‘天玉912’、‘天玉1885’4个品种综合性状优异，适宜南疆正播种植。未来可开展多点多年试验，结合抗逆性指标进一步验证品种稳定性，为南疆玉米品种区域化布局提供更全面支撑。

关键词: 新疆南疆, 正播玉米, 适应性, 高产品种, 穗部性状, 产量潜力

Abstract:

To address the problem of low yield per unit area in spring sown maize caused by messy and miscellaneous maize varieties with poor adaptability in southern Xinjiang, and to screen suitable local high-yield and stress-resistant varieties, 20 common maize varieties were used as test materials to carry out the orthogonal experiment in Wensu County of Aksu. The emergence rate, agronomic traits, ear traits and yield components were measured, and the excellent varieties were screened by difference significance analysis. The results showed that the average emergence rate of the 20 tested corn varieties was 86.6%, among which four varieties, namely ‘Dongdan 1902’, ‘Nongkeda 18’, ‘Dongdan 509’ and ‘Denghai 550’, had the highest emergence rate, exceeding 92%. Most of the ear height coefficients were between 0.4 and 0.5, and no lodging occurred in all tested varieties. ‘Tianyu 912’ and ‘Heyu 157’ performed prominently in terms of ear traits, with ear lengths of 18.9 and 18.4 cm, ear diameters of 46.8 and 49.3 mm respectively, as well as shorter barren tips and the lowest barren tip rate. ‘Heyu 157’ and ‘MC877’ had the lowest number of barren stalks. Four varieties, including ‘Dedan 1403’, ‘Heyu 157’, ‘Tianyu 1885’ and ‘MC877’, had the highest grain number per ear; however, ‘Dedan 1403’ had a relatively low 1000-grain weight, thus its yield advantage was not significant. In contrast, ‘Heyu 157’, ‘Tianyu 1885’, ‘MC877’ and ‘Tianyu 912’ had higher 1000-grain weight and more effective plants in the population, leading to outstanding final yield performance. The analysis results indicate that four varieties, including ‘Heyu 157’, ‘MC877’, ‘Tianyu 912’ and ‘Tianyu 1885’, have shown relatively excellent overall performance and are more likely to achieve high yields in the region.

Key words: southern Xinjiang, spring sown maize, adaptability, high-yield varieties, ear traits, yield potential