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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 52-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0468

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

抚仙湖流域起垄施肥一体化机械应用对烤烟产量与养分吸收的影响

陆欣远1,2(), 钱玭3(), 徐勇贤3, 王一柳1,2, 王火焰1,2, 卢殿君1, 郑乐4   

  1. 1 中国科学院南京土壤研究所， 南京 211135
    2 中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院， 北京 100190
    3 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司澄江分公司， 云南澄江 652500
    4 贵州大学机械工程学院， 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12 修回日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    钱玭，男，1997年出生，助理农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草栽培管理。通信地址：652500 云南省玉溪市澄江市振兴路33号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    陆欣远，男，1996年出生，在读博士，主要从事植物营养与养分高效利用研究。通信地址：211135 江苏省南京市江宁区创优路298号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司科技计划项目“抚仙湖流域烤烟根区新型专用肥基配套机械化应用研究”(yxyc2024014)

Effects of Machinery Application in Integrated Ridging and Root-zone Fertilization on Tobacco Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Fuxian Lake Basin

LU Xinyuan1,2(), QIAN Pin3(), XU Yongxian3, WANG Yiliu1,2, WANG Huoyan1,2, LU Dianjun1, ZHENG Le4   

  1. 1 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135
    2 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
    3 Chengjiang Branch, Yuxi Company of Yunnan Province Tobacco Company, Chengjiang, Yunnan 652500
    4 School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025
  • Received:2025-06-12 Revised:2025-10-13 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

探究抚仙湖流域烤烟根区专用肥与起垄施肥一体化机械化配套应用的效果，为该区域烤烟生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。通过田间试验，设置不施肥和当地常规复合肥、根区专用肥9-9-32、根区专用肥9-9-32+枸溶性钾肥3种配方，采用分次撒施、常规机械起垄施肥、起垄施肥一体机械施肥3种施肥方式，共6个处理。分析起垄施肥一体机根区施肥对烟株生长与养分吸收的影响，并综合评价烤烟根区施肥机械化的效果。结果表明，起垄施肥一体机单穴施肥量均匀性、施肥间距稳定性等参数的变异系数均小于5%，符合当地机械化施肥作业要求。相较当地复合肥+硫酸钾肥分次撒施处理(T2)，根区专用肥+枸溶性钾肥配套机械化根区施肥处理(T6)在不同生长时期均可显著促进烤烟生长及养分吸收累积(P<0.05)，其中烟叶产量、产值分别增加13.4%、13.7%；T6处理中部烟叶钾含量、钙含量、镁含量分别较T2提高15.3%、15.8%、13.5%，钙、镁的吸收量则分别提高79.9%、97.6%。主成分分析表明，T6处理综合效应最优。综上，在抚仙湖流域采用烤烟根区专用肥，并配套起垄施肥一体化机械，能够显著促进烤烟产量与烟钾含量提升，达到增产提质的效果，并有助于减少化肥用量和环境污染。

关键词: 烤烟, 根区施肥, 机械化施肥, 产量, 养分吸收

Abstract:

To evaluate the mechanized and coordinated application effect of special fertilizer for the tobacco root zone in the Fuxian Lake Basin, a field experiment was conducted with six treatments, including no fertilization, three formulations of local conventional compound fertilizer, root zone special fertilizer (9-9-32), and root zone special fertilizer (9-9-32) + citrate soluble potassium fertilizer. Three fertilization methods were tested: split broadcast application, conventional mechanical ridging fertilization, and integrated mechanical ridging combined with fertilization. The effects of integrated root zone fertilization on tobacco plant growth, development, and nutrient uptake were analyzed, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanized fertilization effect. The coefficient of variation for parameters such as single-hole fertilizer uniformity and fertilization spacing stability of the integrated machine was below 5%, meeting local requirements for mechanized fertilization. Compared with the local practice of split broadcast application of compound fertilizer + potassium sulfate (T2), the treatment with root zone special fertilizer + citrate soluble potassium fertilizer combined with mechanical root zone fertilization (T6) significantly promoted the growth, nutrient uptake, and accumulation of tobacco at different growth stages (P<0.05). The tobacco leaf yield and output value under T6 treatment were increased by 13.4% and 13.7%, respectively. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents in central leaves under T6 treatment increased by 15.3%, 15.8%, and 13.5%, respectively, while calcium and magnesium uptake increased by 79.9% and 97.6%. Principal component analysis of key parameters indicated that T6 had the best overall performance. In conclusion, combining root zone special fertilizer with integrated ridging and fertilization machinery significantly enhances tobacco yield and leaf potassium content, achieving both yield increase and quality improvement in tobacco.

Key words: tobacco, root zone fertilization, mechanized fertilization, yield, nutrient uptake