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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 46-51.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0604

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

剪叶对井窖移栽烟苗关键指标的影响

李昕建1(), 雷庭1, 韦兴启1, 游安弟1, 周阳恒1, 罗明全1, 莫泽刚1, 刘晓昂1, 朱英华2, 唐兴贵1()   

  1. 1 贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司， 贵州黔南 558000
    2 安徽农业大学农学院， 合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18 修回日期:2025-12-21 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    唐兴贵，男，1973年出生，贵州长顺人，农艺师，本科，主要研究方向为烟草栽培与品质调控。通信地址：558000 贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州都匀市河滨路8号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李昕建，男，1980年出生，贵州瓮安人，农艺师，硕士，主要研究方向为烟草营养调控及烤烟新技术推广应用。通信地址：558000 贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州都匀市河滨路8号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黔南州科技计划项目“黔南烤烟产业农艺简化及配套装备开发应用”(黔南科合〔2024〕09号); 贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司科技项目“黔南烤烟产业农艺简化及配套装备开发应用”(2024-522700-2-7-0160)

Influence of Leaf Pruning on Key Indicators of Cellar Transplanting Tobacco Seedlings

LI Xinjian1(), LEI Ting1, WEI Xingqi1, YOU Andi1, ZHOU Yangheng1, LUO Mingquan1, MO Zegang1, LIU Xiaoang1, ZHU Yinghua2, TANG Xinggui1()   

  1. 1 Qiannan Prefecture Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Qiannan, Guizhou 558000
    2 College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
  • Received:2025-07-18 Revised:2025-12-21 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

为明确培育烤烟壮苗适宜的剪叶次数，依据不同叶龄设置不同的剪叶次数，以不剪叶为对照(J0)，设置4叶、5叶、6叶剪叶1次(J41、J51、J61)，4叶、5叶期开始共剪叶2次(J42、J52)，4叶开始共剪叶3次(J43)。2年试验数据均表现为烟苗的茎高与茎直径随着剪叶次数的增加而显著降低，J41~J61较J0的茎高降幅为14.51%~62.18%，茎直径降幅为10.49%~21.68%，剪叶提高了烟苗的茎直径与茎高比值和整齐度。剪叶降低了烟苗的最大叶长、叶宽和单株叶面积，提高了烟苗的叶片厚度。剪叶降低了烟苗的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和干物质积累量，剪叶2次及以上处理的烟苗叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著低于不剪叶，地上部干重和总干重均显著降低。剪叶促进了烟苗根系发育；2024年，J42和J43处理的烟苗总根长和根尖数显著高于J0，J41和J51处理总根表面积显著高于J0；2025年，J51和J52处理的总根长、根表面积和根尖数均显著高于J0。剪叶次数的增加降低了烟苗的壮苗指数，2024年J43的壮苗指数显著低于J51，2025年J52壮苗指数显著低于J0。在本试验条件下，不剪叶和剪叶1次促进了烟苗光合参数的提高和干物质积累，提高了壮苗指数。因此，井窖小苗移栽的烟苗适期移栽建议不剪叶，若不能适期移栽，建议剪叶控制烟苗茎高，但剪叶次数不宜超过2次。

关键词: 烤烟, 育苗, 剪叶, 农艺性状, 光合特性, 根系形态, 壮苗指数

Abstract:

The paper aims to clarify the appropriate leaf pruning times for cultivating strong flue-cured tobacco seedlings. In this study, different pruning frequencies were set based on different leaf ages. The control (J0) was set as no leaf pruning, leaves were pruned once at 4-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, and 6-leaf stage (named J41, J51, J61), and then pruned twice from 4-leaf stage and 5-leaf stage (named J42, J52), and then pruned three times from 4-leaf stage (J43). The results showed that the stem height and stem diameter of tobacco seedlings was decreased significantly with the increase of leaf pruning frequency in two-year experimental data. Compared to J0, the reduction range in stem height of J41 to J61 treatment was from 14.51% to 62.18%, and that in stem diameter was from 10.49% to 21.68%. Leaf pruning improved the ratio of stem diameter to stem height and the uniformity of tobacco seedlings. Leaf pruning reduced the maximum leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of single plant tobacco seedlings, while the leaf thickness was increased. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of tobacco seedlings were reduced by leaf pruning. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of tobacco seedlings were reduced significantly by leaf pruning twice or more than those of J0 treatment, and the dry matter accumulation aboveground and the total dry matter accumulation were significantly reduced. The root development of tobacco seedlings was promoted by leaf pruning. The total root length and root tip number of J42 and J43 treatments were significantly higher than those of J0 treatment, and the total root surface area of J41 and J51 treatments was significantly higher than that of J0 treatment in 2024. The total root length, root surface area and root tip number of J51 and J52 treatments were all significantly higher than those of J0 treatment in 2025. The strong seedling index of tobacco seedlings was decreased by the increase in the frequency of leaf pruning. The strong seedling index of J43 treatment was significantly lower than that of J51 treatment in 2024. The strong seedling index of J52 was significantly lower than that of J0 treatment in 2025. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, no pruning leaves and pruning leaves once are beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic parameters and dry matter accumulation of tobacco seedlings, promoting the increase of strong seedling index. Therefore, when cellar transplanting at the right time, it was recommended not to prune the tobacco seedlings. If transplanting cannot be done at the right time, it was suggested to prune the leaves to control the stem height of the tobacco seedlings, but the frequency of pruning should not exceed two times.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, seedling cultivation, pruning leaves, agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, root morphology, strong seedling index