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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 34-45.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0781

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同栽培措施对云南双江‘云烟116’生长及品质的影响

付凯睿1(), 侍浩良2, 周顺宝3, 王中源3, 周红霞3, 李文亭3, 杨云丽3, 李光洋3, 田明慧3, 付丽美3, 余磊2, 黄飞燕2(), 周厚发3()   

  1. 1 重庆中烟工业有限责任公司， 重庆 400060
    2 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院/云南省都市特色农业工程技术研究中心， 昆明 650214
    3 云南省烟草公司临沧市公司， 云南临沧 677099
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2026-01-14 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    周厚发，男，1978年出生，江西宜春人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草质量评价研究。E-mail：。
    黄飞燕，女，1984年出生，四川德阳人，研究员，博士，主要从事烟草栽培与营养研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    付凯睿，男，1998年出生，江西南昌人，助理农艺师，本科，主要从事烟叶原料生产研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    重庆中烟工业有限责任公司项目“重庆中烟双叶基地关键生产技术优化及应用”(2022533517000895); 云南省烟草公司临沧市公司科技计划项目(2024530900242001); 云南省烟草公司临沧市公司科技计划项目“基于营养元素调控的烤烟优质适产关键技术研究与应用”(2023530900242001); 云南省科技厅基础研究专项“MicoRNA调控烟草响应黑胫病菌胁迫的分子机制研究”(202401AT070034)

Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on Growth and Quality of ‘Yunyan 116’ in Shuangjiang of Yunnan

FU Kairui1(), SHI Haoliang2, ZHOU Shunbao3, WANG Zhongyuan3, ZHOU Hongxia3, LI Wenting3, YANG Yunli3, LI Guangyang3, TIAN Minghui3, FU Limei3, YU Lei2, HUANG Feiyan2(), ZHOU Houfa3()   

  1. 1 China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060
    2 College of Agronomy, Kunming University/Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming 650214
    3 Lincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang, Yunnan 677099
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2026-01-14 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

云南双江烟区‘云烟116’存在成熟落黄难、生青杂气重、化学成分不协调的问题，为优化其栽培技术，以‘云烟116’为试验材料，采用L9(34)正交设计，设置施氮量(99、111、123 kg/hm2)、种植密度（1200 mm×500 mm、1100 mm×500 mm、1000 mm×500 mm）、打顶时期（现蕾、初花、盛花）、留叶数（18、20、22片）4因素3水平试验，测定烟株农艺性状、中微量元素含量、化学成分含量、感官质量及致香成分含量，综合评价栽培措施效应。结果显示，随着施氮量的增加，株高、茎围和节距升高；随着种植密度的增加，株高下降；随着打顶时期的提前，最大叶长和最大叶宽提升；随着留叶数的减少，最大叶长越大。从农艺性状及烤后烟叶综合质量来看，施氮量对株高、节距、最大叶长，烟叶中锰、总氮、淀粉、蛋白质，感官质量综合得分的影响较大；种植密度对烟叶中硼、硅、总糖、还原糖、总植物碱、氧化钾、氯及致香成分中类西柏烷类、美拉德反应产物类、苯丙氨酸类和叶绿素降解产物类的影响较大；打顶时期对茎围和最大叶宽的影响较大及烟叶中锌、铁及致香成分中类胡萝卜素降解产物类的影响较大；留叶数对烟叶中钙、镁、铜元素的影响较大。综合来看，针对双江烟区存在的成熟落黄难、生青杂气重问题，可采用施氮量111 kg/hm2配合现蕾打顶、20片留叶，通过调控碳氮代谢促进叶片成熟。在双江县未来烤烟生产工作中，追求香气风格时，可采用高氮(123 kg/hm2)、稀植(1200 mm×500 mm)、初花打顶、留20片叶；追求烟叶感官协调性时，可采用中氮(111 kg/hm2)、密植(1000 mm×500 mm)、盛花打顶、留18片叶。

关键词: 栽培措施, 云南双江, ‘云烟116’, 农艺性状, 中微量元素, 化学成分, 感官质量, 致香成分

Abstract:

In order to optimize the cultivation techniques of ‘Yunyan 116’ in Shuangjiang tobacco area of Yunnan Province, the problems of difficult yellowing in maturity, heavy green and mixed gas, and uncoordinated chemical composition were studied. Using ‘Yunyan 116’ as the test material, nine treatments were set up according to L9(34), with nitrogen application rates of 99, 111 and 123 kg/hm2; planting densities of 1200 mm×500 mm, 1100 mm×500 mm and 1000 mm×500 mm; topping periods of present bud topping, early flowering topping and full flowering topping; and the number of leaves retained were 18, 20 and 22, respectively. The results showed that plant height, stem circumference and pitch increased with the increase of nitrogen application; plant height decreased with the increase of planting density; maximum leaf length and width increased with the advance of topping period; and maximum leaf length increased with the decrease of the number of leaves retained. In terms of agronomic traits and comprehensive quality of flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen application had a greater effect on plant height, pitch, maximum leaf length, manganese, total nitrogen, starch, protein, and comprehensive score of sensory quality; planting density had a greater effect on boron, silica, total sugar, reducing sugar, total phytochemical alkaloid, potassium oxide, chlorine, and aroma-causing constituents such as ciprofloxacin-like, meladic reaction products, phenylalanine, and chlorophyll; and topping period had a greater effect on stem circumference and maximum leaf width; and the maximum leaf width increased with the advancement of topping period; and the maximum leaf length increased with the decrease of the number of retained leaves. The topping period significantly influences stem circumference and maximum leaf width, and has a more pronounced effect on zinc, iron, and carotenoid degradation products within the aroma components of tobacco leaves. Meanwhile, the number of leaves retained after topping exerts a greater influence on the calcium, magnesium, and copper elements in tobacco leaves. On the whole, nitrogen application rates of 111 kg/hm2 can be used in conjunction with bud topping and 20 retained leaves, which can promote leaf maturity through the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In the future work of flue-cured tobacco production in Shuangjiang County, when pursuing the aroma style, high nitrogen (123 kg/hm2), sparse planting (1200 mm×500 mm), early bud topping, and leaving 20 leaves can be adopted, and when pursuing the sensory coordination of tobacco, medium nitrogen (111 kg/hm2), dense planting (1000 mm×500 mm), and 18 retained leaves can be adopted.

Key words: cultivation measures, Shuangjiang, Yunnan, ‘Yunyan 116’, agronomic traits, medium and trace elements, chemical composition, sensory quality, aroma-forming components