西藏农田土壤有机质研究进展和展望

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120091

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 西藏近半个世纪以来，由于农田土壤有机肥使用量急剧减少、耕作管理制度的差异以及农牧民对耕地保养力度的减小导致农田土壤养分退化严重，有76%的耕地有效养分含量缺乏，且肥力因素严重失衡。自20世纪60年代至今已有超过一半的耕地土壤有机质含量降至2.0%，仅1990—2001年间，西藏主要农区农田土壤有机质含量平均下降26.7%~52.0%，农田土壤有机质含量的急剧减少导致耕地土壤肥力持续下降，土壤通透性及保水保肥能力降低。应开展西藏耕地土壤有机质含量的全面普查、对农田土壤有机质转换进行深入研究，并通过增加农田有机肥使用量、种植绿肥等措施增加土壤有机质含量，降低土壤肥力退化速度。

关键词: 顶果木, 顶果木, 干旱胁迫, 耐旱性, 生理特性

Abstract: In recent half a century for the Tibet, soil nutrient in farmland showed a serious degradation due to dramatically decreased usage of soil organic fertilizer; the difference in farming management system and seldom maintenance to the cultivated land by farmers and herdsmen, for 76% of arable land lack of effective nutrient content and discordant among fertility factors. It was reported that soil organic matter content reduced to 2% for more than half of the farmland since the 1960s, the scale of decrease was 26.7%~52.0% for soil organic matter content in main grain –growing areas of farmland only in ten years of 1990-2001. Soil organic matter content in farmland showed a decreased dramatically which leaded to declining of soil fertility in farmland and reducing of soil permeability and water conservation capacity. The soil organic matter in farmland of Tibet should be both taken a general investigation and conducted a lucubrate in the conversion, For the purpose of increasing soil organic matter content , reducing the soil fertility degradation speed, the following suggestions should be adopted: Increasing usage of organic fertilizer and planting green manure.

马瑞萍,韦泽秀,卓玛. 西藏农田土壤有机质研究进展和展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(11): 243-247.

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