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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (36): 89-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0026

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

英德市稻田土壤肥力调查研究

林柏桂1(), 钟文亮2, 黄继川2()   

  1. 1 英德市农业技术推广中心，广东英德 513000
    2 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-23 修回日期:2023-03-03 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 通讯作者:
    黄继川，男，1981年出生，广西桂林人，研究员，硕士，主要从事新型肥料研发与高效施肥方面的研究。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路66号，Tel：020-38469763，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    林柏桂，男，1974年出生，广东清远人，农艺师，本科，主要从事土壤改良培肥技术研究与推广工作。通信地址：513000 英德市金子山1号路农林水大楼，Tel：0763-2222032，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目“南方耕地土壤退化阻控技术”(2022SDZG08); 广东省农业科学院院长基金“基于套餐施肥的水肥一体化装备集成与应用示范”(202045)

Investigation on Soil Fertility of Paddy Field in Yingde City

LIN Baigui1(), ZHONG Wenliang2, HUANG Jichuan2()   

  1. 1 Yingde Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yingde, Guangdong 513000
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Resources Recycling and Farmland Conservation/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2022-12-23 Revised:2023-03-03 Published-:2023-12-25 Online:2023-12-20

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摘要：

调研分析英德稻田土壤肥力状况，以期为英德水稻生产科学施肥管理提供参考依据。在英德水稻主要种植区域，通过4年连续采集稻田表层土样，检测土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷及速效钾，分析当前英德稻田土壤肥力现状以及变化特征。结果表明：4年来英德稻田土壤pH、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾变化不显著，而有效磷显著提高。英德市稻田土壤总体呈酸性，其中英东、英中、英西北和英西南分别为pH 5.29、5.94、6.01、6.41，英东属酸性土壤，其余区域属弱酸性土壤。土壤有机质3级土壤占28.3%~39.4%、4级土壤占35.6%~41.7%，总体处于中等水平；其中英中和英西北区域显著高于英东和英西南区域；土壤全氮和碱解氮含量1~3级土壤占比分别为70.0%~81.1%和79.4%~87.2%，土壤氮素处于丰富水平；其中全氮方面英中和英西北区域显著高于英东和英西南区域。土壤有效磷1~3级土壤占比为73.9%~86.1%，处于丰富水平；其中英东区域显著高于英西南和英西北区域。土壤速效钾含量1~3级土壤占比30.6%~37.8%，速效钾普遍缺乏。此外，土壤肥力指标之间相关性显著，肥力指标关联紧密。建议在英德稻田施肥中增施有机肥、通过秸秆还田和种植绿肥等措施提高土壤肥力，同时适当调减磷肥并增加钾肥用量平衡土壤养分。此外，在英东区域则需要注重酸性土壤调理剂的应用。

关键词: 英德, pH, 有机质, 土壤养分, 肥力

Abstract:

To investigate and analyze the soil fertility status of paddy fields in Yingde, so as to provide reference for scientific fertilization management of rice production. In the main rice planting areas of Yingde, the soil samples for test were collected from surface of paddy rice field for 4 consecutive years, the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were detected, and the current status and variation characteristics of soil fertility in paddy fields of Yingde were analyzed. The results showed that the changes of soil pH, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available potassium in Yingde paddy field were not significant during the 4 years, but the available phosphorus increased significantly. The paddy soil in Yingde City was generally acidic. The average pH values of the east, middle, northwest and southwest of Yingde City were pH 5.29, 5.94, 6.01 and 6.41, respectively. Soil was acidic in the east of Yingde City, and weakly acidic in other areas. In terms of soil organic matter, grade 3 soil accounted for 28.3%-39.4%, grade 4 soil accounted for 35.6%-41.7%, which was at a middle level. And organic matter in middle and northwest regions of Yingde City were significantly higher than those in east and southwest regions in this respect. The proportion of total nitrogen and available nitrogen in grade 1-3 soil was 70.0%-81.1% and 79.4%-87.2%, respectively, indicating that nitrogen was abundant in soil. Total nitrogen in the middle and northwest regions were significantly higher than those in east and southwest regions. Available phosphorus in grade 1-3 soil accounted for 73.9%-86.1%, which was at a rich level. The proportion of available phosphorus in eastern region was significantly higher than those in the southwest and northwest regions. Available potassium of grade1-3 soil accounted for 30.6%-37.8%, thus available potassium was generally lacking. In addition, the correlation between soil fertility indicators was significant. It is suggested to improve soil fertility by adding organic fertilizer and returning straw and green manure to the paddy field in Yingde, and appropriately reduce phosphate fertilizer and increase potassium fertilizer to balance soil nutrients. In addition, attention should be paid to the application of acid soil conditioner in east area of Yingde.

Key words: Yingde City, pH, organic matter, soil nutrients, fertility