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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (26): 51-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0045

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于主成分分析和聚类分析的刚察县耕地土壤肥力综合评价

李民军1(), 杜健2()   

  1. 1 青海省刚察县农牧水利综合服务中心，青海海北 812399
    2 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-03 修回日期:2023-04-08 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 杜健，男，1996年出生，山西大同人，硕士在读，研究方向：耕地质量评价。通信地址：730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区 甘肃农业大学，E-mail：1330863366@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    李民军，男，1988年出生，青海海北人，农艺师，学士，主要从事农作物品种选育、试验示范及推广，农业技术示范及推广方面的工作。通信地址：812399 青海省刚察县沙柳河镇东大街27号 刚察县农牧水利综合服务中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    刚察县县域耕地质量等级评价项目“刚察县县域耕地质量等级评价”(2021-GCXGP)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility of Arable Land in Gangcha County Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

LI Minjun1(), DU Jian2()   

  1. 1 Gangcha County Agricultural and Livestock and Water Resources Integrated Service Center, Haibei, Qinghai 812399
    2 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2023-01-03 Revised:2023-04-08 Published-:2023-09-15 Online:2023-09-11

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摘要：

研究刚察县土壤肥力综合指数及土壤养分特征，以期为因地制宜提升耕地质量，提高刚察县耕地土壤肥料利用率，合理施肥，实现精准农业奠定基础。以青海省刚察县耕地土壤肥力为研究对象，经野外采样后依据NY/T 1121等现行有效标准，开展土壤样品检测工作，测定19个分析指标。将主成分分析法与层次分析法相结合，后采用模糊综合评价的方法，对耕地土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明：刚察县耕地土壤肥力等级分为5个级别，其中评价为1~3级的耕地所占的比例分别为3.45%、24.46%和18.95%，评价为4级的耕地比例为46.60%，评价为5级的耕地比例为6.55%。大量元素中，8个指标（有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾）含量的平均值分别为25.19 g/kg、99.85 mg/kg、13.69 mg/kg、47.87 mg/kg、717.82 mg/kg、1.97 g/kg、1.09 g/kg和22.22 g/kg；中、微量元素中，8个指标（有效钼、有效硫、有效硅、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、有效锌、有效铜）含量的平均值分别为0.03、45.21、99.09、5.52、2.00、0.59、0.58、0.88 mg/kg。评价为4级的耕地比例最多；评价为1~3级的耕地主要分布在哈尔盖镇，评价为4级的耕地主要分布在青海湖农场；黄玉泉农场和伊克乌兰乡评价为5级的耕地占比较多。评价为1级的耕地中，有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷、有效铁和有效钼含量的平均值较高；全钾的平均值在评价为2级的耕地中较高；有效锌含量的平均值在评价为3级的耕地土壤中较高；在评价为4级的耕地土壤中有效磷、有效钼、有效硼和有效铜含量的平均值较高；缓效钾、有效硫和有效硅含量的平均值在评价为5级的耕地土壤中较高。

关键词: 主成分分析, 聚类分析, 土壤肥力综合评价, 耕地土壤, 刚察县

Abstract:

The study aims to clarify the comprehensive soil fertility index and soil nutrient characteristics in Gangcha County, so as to lay the foundation for improving the quality of arable land according to local conditions, improving soil fertilizer utilization rate of arable land in Gangcha County, applying fertilizer rationally and realizing precision agriculture. The soil fertility of arable land in Gangcha County, Qinghai Province was studied, and 19 indices were measured by field sampling and soil sample testing according to the current valid standards such as NY/T 1121. Principal component analysis and hierarchical analysis were combined, and the fuzzy integrated evaluation method was applied to evaluate the fertility of arable soils. The results showed that the soil fertility level of arable land in Gangcha County was divided into 5 levels, among which the proportion of arable land evaluated as level 1-3 was 3.45%, 24.46% and 18.95%, respectively, the level 4 was 46.60%, and the level 5 was 6.55%. Among the massive elements, the average values of eight indicators (organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) were 25.19 g/kg, 99.85 mg/kg, 13.69 mg/kg, 47.87 mg/kg, 717.82 mg/kg, 1.97 g/kg, 1.09 g/kg, and 22.22 g/kg. The average values of the eight indicators (effective molybdenum, effective sulfur, effective silicon, effective iron, effective manganese, effective boron, effective zinc and effective copper) in the medium and trace elements were 0.03, 45.21, 99.09, 5.52, 2.00, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.88 mg/kg. The proportion of arable land evaluated as grade 4 was the highest, the arable land evaluated as grade 1-3 was mainly distributed in Hargai Town, the grade 4 was mainly distributed in Qinghai Lake Farm; the grade 5 accounted for more in Huangyuquan Farm and Yikeulan Township. The average values of organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, effective iron and effective molybdenum were higher in the arable land evaluated as grade 1, the average value of total potassium was higher in the grade 2, the average value of effective zinc content was higher in the grade 3, the average value of available phosphorus, effective molybdenum, effective boron and effective copper content were higher in the grade 4, the average value of slowly available potassium, effective sulfur and effective silicon content were higher in the grade 5.

Key words: principal component analysis, cluster analysis, comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility, arable soil, Gangcha County