叶面施硒对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄硒含量及果实品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0478

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨叶面喷施硒肥对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄叶片、枝条、果实中的硒含量，及果实品质的影响，以期为生产富硒‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄提供理论依据。以‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试材，选用氨基酸富硒肥为硒源，设置0、10、20、30、40、50 mg/L等6个硒质量浓度水平，于果实膨大期即落花后15 d喷施叶片，15 d后再喷施1次。结果表明，‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄叶片、枝条、果实中的硒含量随施硒浓度的提高而递增。叶面施硒可显著提高‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实中的可溶性固形物、蛋白质、维生素C、可溶性总糖含量，降低果实中可滴定酸含量。根据主成分分析，综合评价得分由高到低为50 mg/L>40 mg/L>30 mg/L>20 mg/L>10 mg/L>0 mg/L。综合分析认为，避雨栽培富硒‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄时，于果实膨大期，在叶面喷施2次50 mg/L的氨基酸富硒肥，‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实含硒量及果实品质最佳。

关键词: ‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄, 施硒浓度, 叶面喷施, 硒含量, 果实品质, 主成分分析

Abstract:

In this experiment, the effects of foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer on the selenium content in leaves, branches and fruits of ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape, as well as fruit quality were discussed, to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of selenium-enriched ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape. ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape was used as the experimental material, and the amino acid selenium rich fertilizer was selected as selenium source and applied at six concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L). During the fruit enlargement period, which was 15 days after the flower dropping, the fertilizer was sprayed, and the second time spraying was conducted after another 15 days. The results showed that the content of selenium in leaves, branches and fruits of ‘Shine-Muscat’ grapes increased with the increase of selenium application concentration. In the fruits, the content of soluble solids, protein, vitamin C and total soluble sugar increased, while the titratable acid content decreased. According to principal component analysis, the ranking of comprehensive evaluation scores of the application concentrations from high to low was 50 mg/L>40 mg/L>30 mg/L>20 mg/L>10 mg/L>0 mg/L, respectively. Taken together, the selenium content and fruit quality of ‘Shine-Muscat’ grape are the best by spraying 50 mg/L selenium-enriched amino acid fertilizer twice on the leaves during fruit enlargement period under rain-shelter cultivation.

Key words: ‘Shine-Muscat’ grapes, selenium concentration, foliar spraying, selenium content, fruit quality, principal component analysis

高展, 刘喜存, 张玉红, 黄金华, 朱红彩, 赵洋, 刘震宇, 胡宁, 李栋, 金玉蔓. 叶面施硒对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄硒含量及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(16): 29-34.

GAO Zhan, LIU Xicun, ZHANG Yuhong, HUANG Jinhua, ZHU Hongcai, ZHAO Yang, LIU Zhenyu, HU Ning, LI Dong, JIN Yuman. Effects of Foliar Spraying of Selenium Fertilizer on Selenium Content and Fruit Quality of ‘Shine-Muscat’ Grape[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(16): 29-34.

图/表 6

参考文献 32

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处理	果实	叶片	枝条
CK	0.000±0.000c	0.400±0.050f	0.036±0.006d
Se10	0.007±0.001c	5.750±0.260e	0.130±0.040c
Se20	0.032±0.009b	15.200±0.330d	0.450±0.035b
Se30	0.038±0.009ab	18.400±0.505c	0.470±0.045ab
Se40	0.044±0.007a	24.200±0.510b	0.470±0.045ab
Se50	0.049±0.006a	44.400±0.341a	0.520±0.045a
硒施用浓度相关性	0.959^**	0.960^**	0.895^*

处理	果实	叶片	枝条
CK	0.000±0.000c	0.400±0.050f	0.036±0.006d
Se10	0.007±0.001c	5.750±0.260e	0.130±0.040c
Se20	0.032±0.009b	15.200±0.330d	0.450±0.035b
Se30	0.038±0.009ab	18.400±0.505c	0.470±0.045ab
Se40	0.044±0.007a	24.200±0.510b	0.470±0.045ab
Se50	0.049±0.006a	44.400±0.341a	0.520±0.045a
硒施用浓度相关性	0.959^**	0.960^**	0.895^*

处理	果粒质量/g	果实纵径/mm	果实横径/mm	果形指数	单穗质量/kg
CK	10.326±0.939c	27.433±2.417a	23.467±1.102b	1.168±0.071a	0.522±0.059b
Se10	13.390±1.624abc	29.600±1.353a	26.333±1.528a	1.125±0.015ab	0.745±0.092a
Se20	11.547±0.339abc	28.667±0.577a	25.667±1.528ab	1.187±0.054ab	0.627±0.050b
Se30	11.090±0.163ab	26.833±0.764a	26.300±0.520a	1.020±0.019b	0.513±0.075b
Se40	12.658±1.741ab	29.000±2.000a	25.667±1.528ab	1.130±0.017ab	0.593±0.024b
Se50	11.840±1.128abc	28.433±2.380a	26.467±0.503a	1.074±0.088ab	0.570±0.017b

处理	果粒质量/g	果实纵径/mm	果实横径/mm	果形指数	单穗质量/kg
CK	10.326±0.939c	27.433±2.417a	23.467±1.102b	1.168±0.071a	0.522±0.059b
Se10	13.390±1.624abc	29.600±1.353a	26.333±1.528a	1.125±0.015ab	0.745±0.092a
Se20	11.547±0.339abc	28.667±0.577a	25.667±1.528ab	1.187±0.054ab	0.627±0.050b
Se30	11.090±0.163ab	26.833±0.764a	26.300±0.520a	1.020±0.019b	0.513±0.075b
Se40	12.658±1.741ab	29.000±2.000a	25.667±1.528ab	1.130±0.017ab	0.593±0.024b
Se50	11.840±1.128abc	28.433±2.380a	26.467±0.503a	1.074±0.088ab	0.570±0.017b

处理	可滴定酸含量/%	可溶性固形/%	蛋白质含量/[mg/(g·FW)]	维生素C含量/[mg/(100 g·FW)]	可溶性总糖含量/%
CK	6.657±0.353a	15.667±0.577c	0.608±0.154d	8.789±0.486e	22.507±1.065c
Se10	6.547±0.239a	16.333±0.577bc	0.859±0.110cd	11.361±1.024d	25.397±1.003bc
Se20	6.173±0.116ab	16.667±0.577abc	0.996±0.366cd	13.615±1.352c	27.290±3.103ab
Se30	6.187±0.121ab	17.333±0.577ab	1.030±0.220c	14.954±0.506bc	28.197±1.011ab
Se40	5.723±0.125bc	17.000±1.000ab	1.407±0.172b	15.546±0.644b	27.107±2.171ab
Se50	5.507±0.484c	17.667±0.577a	1.943±0.130a	18.517±0.741a	29.217±1.478a