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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0271

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

红花表型性状与氮磷钾肥施用量的互作研究

许兰杰(), 梁慧珍(), 余永亮, 杨红旗, 谭政委, 杨青, 李春明, 董薇, 李磊, 安素妨, 鲁丹丹   

  1. 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 修回日期:2022-09-30 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 梁慧珍,女,1968年出生,河南永城人,研究员,博士,主要从事中药材遗传育种及品质改良。通信地址:450002 河南省郑州市金水区花园路116号 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,Tel:0371-65738565,E-mail:lhzh66666@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    许兰杰,女,1982年出生,河南漯河人,副研究员,博士,主要从事中药材遗传育种研究。通信地址:450002 河南省郑州市金水区花园路116号 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,Tel:0371-65738565,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21); 河南省农科院创新创意项目“红花种质创制及调控网络构建”(2020CX19); 河南省农科院新兴学科发展专项“红花新品种选育及其应用研究”(2021XK03); 河南省科技攻关项目“优质多抗艾种质创制及新品种选育”(222102110466); 河南省中央引导地方科技发展专项自由探索类项目“红花种质资源的鉴定评价及新种质创制”(YDZX20214100001804)

The Interaction of Phenotypic Traits of Safflower with Application Rates of NPK

XU Lanjie(), LIANG Huizhen(), YU Yongliang, YANG Hongqi, TAN Zhengwei, YANG Qing, LI Chunming, DONG Wei, LI Lei, AN Sufang, LU Dandan   

  1. Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2022-04-12 Revised:2022-09-30 Online:2023-04-05 Published:2023-03-27

摘要:

研究红花表型性状与氮磷钾肥施用量的互作规律,为红花节肥增效提供技术参考。采用3因素3水平试验方法,分别对红花盛花期和成熟期的21个表型性状进行调查记载,采用相关分析、主成分分析法研究红花表型性状与不同氮磷钾肥施用量的互作,并采用DTOPSIS法评比红花不同生育期对氮磷钾肥的需求规律。结果表明,盛花期的单株根鲜重、开花果球数、总果球数、单株鲜重、分枝高度、果球总鲜重、主根长等7个性状,成熟期的果球总干重、单株干重、顶果球着粒数和根干重等4个性状,随着不同氮磷钾施用量的变化而变化,变异系数均高于10%,占所测表型性状的53.8%和50.0%。13个盛花期性状和8个成熟期性状对不同氮磷钾肥施用量呈现出不同程度的响应规律,但各性状间相互协调,部分性状间呈现出显著或极显著相关。主成分分析筛选出盛花期4个主成分因子,能解释84.61%的变异;成熟期3个主成分因子,能解释85.70%的变异,适量施用氮磷钾肥可通过改变产量相关性状为红花花冠和籽粒高产奠定基础。红花盛花期和成熟期对氮磷的需求量较高,因此,适期适量追施氮磷肥利于红花高产形成。

关键词: 红花, 氮磷钾肥, 表型性状, 主成分分析, DTOPSIS法

Abstract:

By studying the interaction of the phenotypic traits of safflower with the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), we aim to provide reference for rational application of fertilizers in safflower production. 21 phenotypic traits of safflower at full-bloom stage and mature stage were recorded based on three-factor and three-level orthogonal design method, the data was investigated by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), and the requirement rule and amounts of NPK fertilizers at different safflower growth stages were studied by DTOPSIS method. The results showed that 7 traits of fresh root weight per plant, number of flowering balls, number of all balls, fresh weight per plant, branch height, fresh weight of all balls, and main root length at full-bloom stage, and 4 traits of dry weight of all balls, dry weight per plant, number of seeds in top ball, and dry weight of root at mature stage varied with the application rates of NPK, and the variation coefficients were all higher than 10%, accounting for 53.8% and 50.0% of the tested phenotypic traits. 13 traits at full-bloom stage and 8 traits at mature stage had different degrees of responses to different NPK fertilizer rates, but the traits were coordinated with each other, and some traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation. 4 principal components at full-bloom stage and 3 principal components at mature stage were identified by PCA, accounting for 84.61% and 85.70% of the total variation, suggesting that proper application rates of NPK fertilizers could lay a foundation for high flower and seed yield of safflower by changing yield related traits. The requirement of N and P fertilizers at full-bloom stage and mature stage of safflower was relatively high. Therefore, it is suggested that N and P fertilizers should be applied with proper rates and at proper time for the high yield of safflower.

Key words: safflower, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, phenotypic traits, principal component analysis, DTOPSIS analysis