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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 56-62.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0285

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

植物生长调节剂对‘无核紫’葡萄裂果特性的影响

王敏1(), 张雯1(), 韩守安1, 谢辉1, 潘明启1(), 艾尔买克·才卡斯木1, 钟海霞1, 张付春1, 依力哈木·阿布都力木2, 伍新宇1   

  1. 1 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业农村部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心，乌鲁木齐 830091
    2 托克逊县伊拉湖镇人民政府林业站，新疆托克逊 838103
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-13 修回日期:2023-01-05 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 张雯，女，1984年出生，陕西渭南人，研究员，博士，研究方向为果园生态与果树生理。E-mail：zwxilin@qq.com。潘明启，男，1962年出生，北京人，研究员，学士，研究方向为葡萄栽培与质量控制。E-mail：Panmq3399@sohu.com。
  • 作者简介:

    王敏，女，1990年出生，山西晋中人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向为果实品质调控。通信地址：830000 新疆乌鲁木齐沙依巴克区南昌路403号 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金“不同裂果特性葡萄品种细胞壁及活性氧代谢影响裂果形成机制研究”(3226180278); 新疆维吾尔自治区青年基金“不同裂果特性葡萄亲本和子代基因的克隆及功能分析”(2021D01B66); 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金“葡萄果实品质调控岗位”(CARS-29-zp-8); 天山创新团队计划“新疆葡萄品质调控及优质高效生产技术研发创新团队”(2022D14014); 新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育项目“新疆葡萄重要品质影响机理及提升技术研究”(xjkcpy-2020001)

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Cracking Characteristics of ‘Black Monukka’ Grape

WANG Min1(), ZHANG Wen1(), HAN Shou’an1, XIE Hui1, PAN Mingqi1(), CAIKASIMU Aiermaike1, ZHONG Haixia1, ZHANG Fuchun1, ABUDULIMU Yilihamu2, WU Xinyu1   

  1. 1 Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Xinjiang Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091
    2 Elahu Town People's Government Forestry Station of Tuokexun County, Tuokexun, Xinjiang 838103
  • Received:2022-04-13 Revised:2023-01-05 Online:2023-04-05 Published:2023-03-27

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摘要：

分析不同浓度的植物生长调节剂处理‘无核紫’葡萄裂果的发生与细胞壁代谢物质及细胞凋亡之间的关系，探究造成‘无核紫’裂果特性差异的主要生理原因，找到最适宜‘无核紫’的外源植物生长调节剂喷施浓度。以易裂品种‘无核紫’果实为试验材料，花后10~15 d喷施不同浓度植物生长调节剂为处理，在成熟期采摘离体果实浸水24 h统计裂果率，通过酶联免疫分析法对果实中的水溶性果胶、原果胶、半纤维素及PG、PEP、CE、PL酶活性进行测定，采用TUNEL染色法对细胞凋亡率进行观察统计。结果表明，浸水24 h，不同处理之间存在显著差异，100 mg/L赤霉素加5 mg/L氯吡脲裂果率为56%，裂果率最低且显著低于其他处理，细胞凋亡程度较低；原果胶、半纤维素与裂果率负相关性达到极显著水平，PEP酶活性与裂果率负相关性达到显著水平；水溶性果胶/原果胶与裂果率的正相关性达到极显著水平。表明适当喷施赤霉素加氯吡脲可以提高PEP、CE酶活性，增加半纤维素、原果胶含量，降低细胞凋亡率，缓解裂果发生。

关键词: 葡萄, 裂果, 细胞壁代谢, 细胞凋亡, 植物生长调节剂

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of the occurrence of grape fruit cracking with the cell wall metabolism substances and apoptosis under different concentrations of plant growth regulators in ‘Black Monukka’ grape production, explore the main physiological reasons for the difference of fruit cracking characteristics, and find the most suitable plant growth regulator spraying concentration for ‘Black Monukka’ grape. The easy-to-crack variety ‘Black Monukka’ was used as the test material, different concentrations of plant growth regulators were sprayed 10-15 days after flowering, and the fruit cracking rate was induced by soaking in water for 24 hours after the berries were picked at the mature stage. The water-soluble pectin, protopectin, hemicellulose, and PG, PEP, CE and PL enzyme activities were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the apoptosis rate was observed and counted by TUNEL staining. The results showed that there were significant differences among different treatments after the berries were soaked in water for 24 h. The fruit cracking rate under the treatment of 100 mg/L gibberellins plus 5 mg/L forchlorfenuron was 56%, which was the lowest and significantly lower than that under other treatments, and the apoptosis rate was relatively low. Protopectin and hemicellulose were very significantly and negatively correlated with the fruit cracking rate, and the PEP enzyme activity had a significantly negative correlation with the fruit cracking rate. Water-soluble pectin/protopectin had very significantly positive correlations with the fruit cracking rate. The results of this study indicate that proper spraying of gibberellin and forchlorfenuron can improve the activities of PEP and CE, increase the contents of hemicellulose and protopectin, and reduce the rate of apoptosis and alleviate the occurrence of fruit cracking.

Key words: grape, fruit cracking, cell wall metabolism, apoptosis, plant growth regulators