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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (32): 37-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0086

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同栽培因子组合对山地免耕饲用油菜农艺性状和产量效益影响

杨进成1(), 刘坚坚1, 何泉2, 张钟1, 刘英3, 史兰芬4, 李艳兰1, 胡新洲1, 王爱明5, 杨晓波2, 柏廷钰5, 李祥1, 普加富4, 柏跃才4()   

  1. 1 玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪 653100
    2 玉溪市烟草公司峨山县分公司,云南峨山 653200
    3 玉溪市农村经济经营管理站,云南玉溪 653100
    4 峨山县塔甸镇农业农村综合服务中心,云南峨山 653200
    5 峨山县农业综合服务中心,云南峨山 653200
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-05-27 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-11-12
  • 通讯作者:
    柏跃才,男,1973年出生,云南峨山人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事农作物栽培技术应用研究。Tel:0877-4461121,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    杨进成,男,1967年出生,云南澄江人,研究员,硕士,主要从事油菜育种及栽培研究工作。通信地址:653100 云南省玉溪市红塔大道18号,Tel:0877-2778365,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司玉溪分公司科技计划项目“峨山县烟油协同绿色增效关键技术研究与示范”(yxyC2023027); 云南省农业生产专项“玉溪市优质油菜单产提升技术示范”(ynnysC2023yx)

Effects of Different Cultivation Factor Combinations on Agronomic Traits and Yield Benefits of No-tillage Forage Rape in Mountainous Areas

YANG Jincheng1(), LIU Jianjian1, HE Quan2, ZHANG Zhong1, LIU Ying3, SHI Lanfen4, LI Yanlan1, HU Xinzhou1, WANG Aiming5, YANG Xiaobo2, BAI Tingyu5, LI Xiang1, PU Jiafu4, BAI Yuecai4()   

  1. 1 Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100
    2 Eshan Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Eshan, Yunnan 653200
    3 Yuxi Rural Economic Management Station, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100
    4 Tadian Town Agriculture and Rural Comprehensive Service Center, Eshan, Yunnan 653200
    5 Eshan County Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Eshan, Yunnan 653200
  • Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-05-27 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-11-12

摘要:

为科学提出山地免耕饲用油菜在高海拔山区的最优栽培组合,本研究采用灰色关联度和逐步回归等分析方法,对玉溪市2019—2021年同一高海拔试点9个栽培因子组合的山地免耕饲用油菜农艺性状和产量效益进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)生育期随着播期的后移而缩短,后2个播期比第1个播期分别缩短10、20 d;(2)株高、单株有效角果数、单株鲜饲草重、实收鲜草产量4个性状随着播期的延后呈现出下降的趋势;(3)不同栽培组合饲草油菜产量与主要农艺因子关联度差异较大;(4)不同年度9个组合之间的鲜草产量有不同程度的差异;(5)油菜饲草产值效益随着播期的推迟呈现出明显下降的趋势。高海拔山区饲用油菜最优的栽培因子组合是9月20日播种+种植密度3.0×105~3.6×105株/hm2+5叶期尿素施用量450~525 kg/hm2

关键词: 山地饲用油菜, 高海拔, 栽培因子, 灰色关联度和逐项回归分析, 农艺性状, 产量效益

Abstract:

In order to scientifically put forward the optimal cultivation factor combination of sowing density and fertilizer amount for no-tillage forage rape in mountainous areas, the agronomic traits and yield benefits of no-till mountain forage rape with 9 cultivation factors combined in the same high-altitude pilot in Yuxi from 2019 to 2021 were compared using grey correlation degree and stepwise regression analysis methods. The results showed, (1) the growth period was shortened with the delay of sowing date, the growth period of the last two sowing dates were 10 d and 20 d shorter than that of the first date. (2) Plant height, effective number of corner fruits per plant, fresh forage weight per plant and yield of fresh harvested grass showed a decreasing trend with the delay of sowing date. (3)The correlation degree between forage yield and main agronomic factors was significantly different in different cultivation combinations. (4) The fresh grass yield of 9 combinations in different years had different degrees of difference. (5) With the delay of sowing date, the output value and benefit of rape forage grass showed an obvious decreasing trend. The optimal cultivation factor combination of forage rape in high altitude mountainous areas is sowing on September 20 + planting density 3.0×105-3.6×105 plants/hm2 + urea application amount at 5 leaf stage 450-525 kg/hm2.

Key words: mountain forage rape, high-altitude, cultivation factor, grey correlation degree and item by item regression analysis, agronomic character, yield benefit