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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 102-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0488

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京地区结球生菜专用缓释肥减施应用效果研究

张雪儿1,2(), 聂晓红3, 张卫峰1,2, 曲明山4, 石颜通4, 李婷4, 李云飞4, 聂青4()   

  1. 1 中国农业大学资源与环境学院/养分利用与管理国家重点实验室，北京 100083
    2 中盐安徽红四方股份有限公司绿色智能复合肥研究院，合肥 230001
    3 北京市顺义区农业技术综合服务中心，北京 101300
    4 北京市农业技术推广站，北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17 修回日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2025-04-05 发布日期:2025-04-03
  • 通讯作者:
    聂青，女，1975年出生，内蒙古丰镇人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事肥料技术试验示范和推广工作。通信地址：100029 北京市朝阳区惠新里甲十号 北京市农业技术推广站，Tel：010-84635670，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张雪儿，女，1999年出生，甘肃金昌人，硕士，研究方向：肥料创制和作物养分资源管理。通信地址：402284 重庆市江津区德感工业园九禾股份有限公司，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央耕地建设与利用资金—化肥减量增效项目(11000024T000003177891); 北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC01-2024)

Study on Effect of Reducing Application of Special Slow-release Fertilizer for Head Lettuce in Beijing Area

ZHANG Xueer1,2(), NIE Xiaohong3, ZHANG Weifeng1,2, QU Mingshan4, SHI Yantong4, LI Ting4, LI Yunfei4, NIE Qing4()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
    2 Green Intelligent Compound Fertilizer Research Institute, CNSG Anhui Hongsifang Co. Ltd., Hefei 230001
    3 Beijing Shunyi District Agricultural Technology Integrated Service Center, Beijing 101300
    4 Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029
  • Received:2024-07-17 Revised:2024-12-17 Published:2025-04-05 Online:2025-04-03

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摘要：

针对北京地区设施结球生菜种植农户过量施肥问题，进行含硝化抑制剂的生菜专用缓释肥应用效果研究，以探索减少化肥施用量和施用次数。以结球生菜‘射手101’为试验材料，在北京顺义多年蔬菜种植大棚，通过田间小区试验，设计不施氮对照(T0)、农户传统施肥一基两追(T1)、生菜专用配方肥一基两追施肥(T2)、生菜专用缓释肥一次性施肥(T3)、生菜专用缓释一基一追施肥(T4)、生菜专用缓释肥一基两追施肥(T5)6个处理，探究添加硝化抑制剂的生菜专用缓释肥对生菜生长性状、产量、硝酸盐含量、氮素利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明，一基两追的施肥条件下，相比于传统农户施肥(T1)，不添加硝化抑制剂的生菜专用配方肥处理(T2)结球生菜的生长性状指标、产量指标、品质指标、氮素利用率和土壤无机氮转化均无显著差异；添加硝化抑制剂后(T4)，结球生菜的叶绿素含量显著提升16.7%，硝酸盐含量显著降低113.1%，可溶性糖含量显著提升44.4%，氮肥利用率显著提升43.2%，产量显著增加23.8%。对比添加硝化抑制剂条件下一次性施肥(T3)、一基一追(T4)、一基两追(T5)的施肥效果，在生长性状、产量指标、品质指标和氮素利用率上均无显著差异，伴随施肥次数增加，经济效益降低，一次性施肥处理(T3)分别比一基一追(T4)、一基两追(T5)处理净利润提升6.3%、24.9%。因此，作者认为一次性底施专用缓释肥不仅可以减少施肥人工投入，而且减少化肥施用，提升产量和氮肥利用率，可以作为北京地区结球生菜生产推荐的施肥措施。

关键词: 结球生菜, 缓释肥, 硝化抑制剂, 一次性施肥, 应用效果, 经济效益

Abstract:

Regarding the issue of excessive fertilization of facility-grown head lettuce in Beijing, a study on the application effect of slow-release fertilizer for lettuce with nitrification inhibitors was conducted to explore reducing chemical fertilizer application rates and frequencies. Taking the head lettuce variety ‘Archer 101’ as the test material, through field plot experiments in a vegetable greenhouse with years of cultivation in Shunyi, Beijing, six treatments were designed, including no nitrogen control (T0), traditional farmer fertilization with one basal application and two top dressings (T1), special formulated fertilizer for lettuce with one basal application and two top dressings (T2), special formulated fertilizer for lettuce with one-time application (T3), special formulated fertilizer for lettuce with one basal application and one top dressing (T4), and special formulated fertilizer for lettuce with one basal application and two top dressing (T5). The study explored the effects of special slow-release fertilizer for lettuce with nitrification inhibitors on the growth traits, yield, nitrate content, nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits of lettuce. The results showed that under the fertilization condition of one basal application and two top dressings, compared with traditional farmer fertilization (T1), the treatment of special formulated fertilizer for lettuce without nitrification inhibitors (T2) had no significant differences in growth trait indicators, yield indicators, quality indicators, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil inorganic nitrogen transformation of head lettuce. After adding nitrification inhibitors (T4), the chlorophyll content of head lettuce increased significantly by 16.7%, the nitrate content decreased significantly by 113.1%, the soluble sugar content increased significantly by 44.4%, the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased significantly by 43.2%, and the yield increased significantly by 23.8%. Comparing the fertilization effects of one-time fertilization (T3), one basal application and one top dressing (T4), and one basal application and two top dressings (T5) under the condition of adding nitrification inhibitors, there were no significant differences in growth traits, yield indicators, quality indicators, and nitrogen use efficiency. With the increase in fertilization frequency, the economic benefit decreased. The net profit of the one-time fertilization treatment (T3) increased by 6.3% and 24.9% respectively compared with the one basal application and one top dressing treatment (T4) and one basal application and two top dressings treatment (T5). Therefore, the author believed that one-time basal application of special slow-release fertilizer could not only reduce labor input for fertilization but also reduce chemical fertilizer application, increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and could be recommended as a fertilization measure for head lettuce production in Beijing.

Key words: head lettuce, slow-release fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor, one-time fertilization, application effect, economic benefit