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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 74-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0217

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

自然降雨和施用缓释肥对北运河上游大田氮磷径流流失的影响

刘自飞1(), 李红波2, 陶增蛟2, 霍珊珊2, 张蕾1, 颜芳1, 吴文强1, 王胜涛1   

  1. 1 北京市耕地建设保护中心,北京 100101
    2 北京市海淀区农业技术综合服务中心,北京 100080
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-13 修回日期:2023-05-26 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-02-01
  • 作者简介:

    刘自飞,男,1986年出生,山东菏泽人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事种植业面源污染防控技术研究与推广应用,耕地质量等级评价与应用。通信地址:100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号,Tel:010-82994821,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”水体污染控制与治理国家科技重大专项“北运河上游水环境治理与水生态修复综合示范”(2017ZX07102-001)

Effects of Natural Rainfall and Application of Slow-release Fertilizers on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff Loss in the Upper Beiyun River Watershed

LIU Zifei1(), LI Hongbo2, TAO Zengjiao2, HUO Shanshan2, ZHANG Lei1, YAN Fang1, WU Wenqiang1, WANG Shengtao1   

  1. 1 Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100101
    2 Beijing Haidian District Comprehensive Service Center of Agricultural Technology, Beijing 100080
  • Received:2023-03-13 Revised:2023-05-26 Published-:2024-02-01 Online:2024-02-01

摘要:

在北运河上游流域,通过大田监测试验,研究了自然降雨条件下不施肥(T1)、传统施肥(T2)、缓释肥(T3) 3种不同施肥处理玉米生长季氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明:当流域内12 h内降雨量超过 30 mm时,土壤含量水呈饱和状态,由此地表径流液产生;若在1 h内降雨量超过30 mm,则会加剧径流的产出。与T2处理相比,T3处理的总氮、总磷、铵态氮、硝态氮流失量均偏低,分别低15.3%、24.2%、10%和12%,但未达到显著性差异。T3处理的总氮流失率为0.07%,较T2处理减少46.2%;T3处理的总磷流失率为0.13%,较T2处理减少71.7%;T3处理的硝态氮流失率为0.06%,较T2处理减少25%。综上,与传统施肥相比,施用缓释肥在减少氮磷流失方面能起到一定的减排作用,对科学推广缓释肥和评估缓释肥对氮磷流失的减排效果提供了数据支撑。

关键词: 自然降雨, 缓释肥, 北运河, 径流, 氮磷损失

Abstract:

A field monitoring experiment was conducted to study the effects of non-fertilization (T1), traditional fertilization (T2) and slow-release fertilization (T3) on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss during maize growing season in the upper reaches of the Beiyun River watershed. The results showed that when the rainfall exceeded 30 mm in 12 hours, the soil water content was saturated, and the surface runoff was produced, and if the rainfall exceeded 30 mm in 1 hour, the runoff would be intensified. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 treatment had lower TN, TP, ammonium N and nitrate N loss by 15.3%, 24.2%, 10% and 12%, respectively, but there was no significant difference. The TN loss rate of T3 treatment was 0.07%, which was 46.2% less than that of T2 treatment, the TP loss rate of T3 treatment was 0.13%, which was 71.7% less than that of T2 treatment, and the nitrate N loss rate of T3 treatment was 0.06%, which was 25% less than that of T2 treatment. In conclusion, compared with traditional fertilization, the application of slow-release fertilizer could reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, which provided data support for scientific promotion of slow-release fertilizer and evaluation of the effect of slow-release fertilizer on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Key words: natural rainfall, slow-release fertilizer, Beiyun River watershed, runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus loss