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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (15): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0765

所属专题： 水稻； 农业生态

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

新型肥料在水稻轻简化施肥中的稳产效应评估

怀燕1(), 陈照明2, 杨梢娜3, 方文英4, 汤学军5, 孟忠雷6, 王强2()   

  1. 1浙江省农业技术推广中心粮油科,杭州 310020
    2浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州 310021
    3舟山市农林科学研究院,舟山 316000
    4杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心,杭州 330110
    5临海市农业技术推广中心,浙江台州 317000
    6平湖市农业技术推广中心,浙江嘉兴 314200
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-13 修回日期:2021-11-05 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 王强
  • 作者简介:怀燕,女,1972年出生,浙江嘉善人,高级农艺师,博士,研究方向：农学。通信地址：310020 浙江杭州凤起东路2号浙江省农业技术推广中心,Tel：0571-86757919,E-mail： 592778787@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省科技厅重大项目“适于机械化耕种的水稻专用肥研发-水稻机械化同步深施专用肥研发与应用”(2019C02017);“主要粮油作物高效绿色定额制施肥技术研究”(2021C02035);浙江省三农六方项目“缓(控)释肥筛选和单季稻轻简化施肥技术集成示范”(2020SNLF001);黄岩区地方合作项目“农作物绿色高效施肥技术集成应用”(HY202001)

New-type Fertilizers in Simplified Fertilization of Rice: Evaluation of Yield Stabilization Effect

HUAI Yan1(), CHEN Zhaoming2, YANG Shaona3, FANG Wenying4, TANG Xuejun5, MENG Zhonglei6, WANG Qiang2()   

  1. 1Cereals and Oils Section, Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020
    2Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021
    3Zhoushan Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000
    4Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310110
    5Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang 31700
    6Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Pinghu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314200
  • Received:2021-08-13 Revised:2021-11-05 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-07
  • Contact: WANG Qiang

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摘要：

为了评估新型肥料品种在水稻轻简化施肥中的应用效果,以树脂包膜缓释肥(RCF)、聚氨酯包膜缓释肥(PCF)和有机缓释肥(LSF)等新型肥料产品为研究材料,通过多点大区对比试验,研究了“一基一追”轻简化施肥方式对‘籼粳杂交稻’和‘晚粳稻’产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,籼粳杂交稻试验中氮肥减量12.8%(218 kg N/hm2),RCF、PCF和LSF等新型肥料轻简化施肥处理水稻产量、产量构成因子与常规施肥(FF)处理间都没有显著差异;‘晚粳稻’试验中氮肥减量36.1%(177 kg N/hm2),RCF、PCF和LSF等新型肥料轻简化施肥处理分别比FF处理减产20.4%、12.0%和22.8%。PCF处理水稻有效穗数和成穗率与FF处理间差异不显著,RCF和LSF处理则显著降低了‘晚粳稻’有效穗数和成穗率。轻简化施肥各处理氮肥偏生产力都显著高于FF处理。RCF和PCF处理氮肥农学利用率与FF处理间差异不显著,LSF处理“籼粳杂交稻”试验中氮肥农学利用率显著高于FF处理,‘晚粳稻’试验中则显著低于FF处理。水稻轻简化施肥技术的应用效果同时受到施氮量和肥料品种的影响,聚氨酯包膜缓释肥(PCF)在不同水稻类型和试验点上的减氮稳产效应优于树脂包膜缓释肥(RCF)和有机缓释肥(LSF)。

关键词: 水稻, 树脂包膜缓释肥, 聚氨酯包膜缓释肥, 有机缓释肥, 轻简化施肥

Abstract:

To assess the application effect of new-type fertilizers in the simplified fertilization of rice, multipoint field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of simplified fertilization of ‘one base and one topdressing’ model on the grain yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency of ‘indica-japonic hybrid rice’ and ‘late japonica rice’, respectively. The resin coated slow-release fertilizer (RCF), polyurethane coated slow-release fertilizer (PCF) and organic slow-release fertilizer (LSF) were used as the new fertilizers in this study. The results showed that for ‘indica-japonic hybrid rice’, when the N rate was reduced by 12.8% (218 kg/hm2), the simplified fertilization with new fertilizers (RCF, PCF and LSF) had no significant effect on rice yield and yield components compared with the normal fertilization (FF) treatment. For ‘late japonica rice’, when the N rate was reduced by 36.1% (177 kg/hm2), the rice yield under the RCF, PCF and LSF simplified fertilization were decreased by 20.4%, 12.0% and 22.8%, respectively, compared with that under treatment FF. There was no significant difference of effective spike number and spike rate of rice between treatment PCF and FF, while treatment RCF and LSF significantly decreased the effective spike number and spike rate of ‘late japonica rice’ compared with treatment FF. The simplified fertilization treatments (RCF, PCF and LSF) had significantly higher N partial factor productivity (NPFP) than treatment FF. No significant difference was found in the N agronomic efficiency (NAE) between treatment RCF and PCF and treatment FF. However, treatment LSF had a higher NAE in ‘indica-japonic hybrid rice’ and lower NAE in the ‘late japonica rice’ compared with treatment FF. The application effects of simplified fertilization were affected by the N application rate and fertilizer type simultaneously in rice production. Treatment PCF had a greater effect on N reduction and yield stabilization than treatment RCF and LSF for different rice types and on different experiment sites.

Key words: rice, resin coated slow-release fertilizer, polyurethane coated slow-release fertilizer, organic slow-release fertilizer, simplified fertilization

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