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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 67-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0189

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

小黄姜与烟轮作对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响

杨清松1(), 吴阔2, 李玲1, 杨玉玲1, 王灿1, 陶永宏1()   

  1. 1 文山州农业科学院药物生物研究所，文山云南 663000
    2 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所，云南 650205
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-07-16 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者:
    陶永宏，男，1983年出生，云南泸西人，研究员，博士，研究方向：中药材组培与育种。通信地址：663000 云南省文山市泰康西路2号 文山州农业科学院，Tel：0876-3037564，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杨清松，男，1980年出生，云南马关人，高级农艺师，学士，研究方向：中药材资源收集与开发利用。通信地址：663000 云南省文山州文山市泰康西路2号 文山州农业科学院，Tel：0876-3037564，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“云南省麻栗坡县下金厂乡、铁厂乡科技特派队”(202304BI090032-10)

Impact of Crop Rotation Between Tobacco and Zingiber officainale on Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities

YANG Qingsong1(), WU Kuo2, LI Ling1, YANG Yuling1, WANG Can1, TAO Yonghong1()   

  1. 1 Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan, Yunnan 663000
    2 Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-07-16 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要：

为研究烟草与小黄姜轮作对烟草根际土壤微生物多样性的影响，通过高通量测序技术，探讨烟草与小黄姜轮作对烟草根际土壤微生物多样性及病害防控的影响。研究发现，烟姜轮作田可显著降低烟草黑胫病的病情指数(40.20%)，并显著提高土壤中细菌和真菌的群落多样性。在细菌门水平上，变形菌门(Proteobacteria，CK为49.10%，SJ为30.73%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes，CK为42.70%，SJ为4.65%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota，CK为4.81%，SJ为23.99%)的丰度呈现明显变化；在真菌门水平上，子囊菌门(Ascomycota，CK为97.52%，SJ为64.85%)、未分类群(unclassified，CK为0.35%，SJ为14.32%)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota，CK为0.62%，SJ为8.42%)的丰度差异显著。差异分析发现，2种处理下的土壤微生物群落结构组成存在显著差异（细菌：R2=0.8520，P=0.001；真菌：R2=0.8782，P=0.001）。烟姜轮作显著提高了土壤中某些有益微生物的丰度，如绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)等。此外，土壤环境因子（如有机质、总氮等）与有益菌（如乳球菌属Lactococcus和玫瑰弯菌科Roseiflexaceae）之间存在显著关联。这些结果可为土壤中有益微生物抑制致病原菌繁殖、降低土壤病害提供理论依据，同时为深入理解烟姜轮作的生态机制提供新的视角。

关键词: 烟草, 小黄姜, 轮作, 烟草黑胫病, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

To study the effect of tobacco-Zingiber officainale Roscoe rotation on the microbial diversity of tobacco rhizosphere soil, the microbial diversity and compositional structure differences of rhizosphere soil in continuous cropping tobacco fields (CK) and rotated tobacco fields were studied through high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the disease index of tobacco black shank in the tobacco-Zingiber officainale rotation fields was significantly lower than that in the continuous cropping fields by 40.20%. Compared with the soil in the continuous cropping fields, tobacco-Zingiber officainale rotation significantly increased the community diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil. Overall, at the phylum level of bacteria, Proteobacteria was the most abundant (CK: 49.10%, SJ: 30.73%), followed by Firmicutes (CK: 42.70%, SJ: 4.65%) and Actinobacteriota (CK: 4.81%, SJ: 23.99%). Among fungi, Ascomycota was the most abundant (CK: 97.52%, SJ: 64.85%), followed by unclassified taxa (CK: 0.35%, SJ: 14.32%) and Basidiomycota (CK: 0.62%, SJ: 8.42%). The differential analysis revealed substantial differences in the composition of the soil microbial community structure between the two treatments (bacteria: R2=0.8520, P=0.001; fungi: R2=0.8782, P=0.001). Specifically, the tobacco-Zingiber officainale rotation significantly enhanced the abundances of certain beneficial microorganisms in the soil, including Chloroflexi, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Soil environmental factors such as organic matter and total nitrogen were significantly associated with beneficial bacteria such as Lactococcus and Roseiflexaceae. The results provided potential application value for inhibiting the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and reducing soil diseases by increasing the abundance of these beneficial microorganisms in the soil. At the same time, they offer a new perspective for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of tobacco-Zingiber officainale rotation.

Key words: tobacco, Zingiber officainale, rotation, tobacco black shank disease, microbial diversity