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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 153-162.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0177

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

饶阳县葡萄农业气候资源变化分析及趋势展望

马明君(), 石美亮, 常舒冬()   

  1. 饶阳国家气候观象台, 河北饶阳 053900
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者:
    常舒冬,女,1975年出生,河北保定人,副高级工程师,本科,研究方向为农业气象服务。通信地址:053900 河北省衡水市饶阳国家气候观象台,Tel:0318-7221559,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    马明君,女,1998年出生,安徽阜阳人,助理工程师,硕士,研究方向为农业气象服务。通讯地址:053900 河北省衡水市饶阳国家气候观象台,Tel:0318-7221559,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    衡水市气象局科研开发项目:基于气候变化的饶阳县葡萄农业气候资源响应研究(hsky202405)

Variation Analysis and Trend Prospect of Agricultural Climate Resources for Grape in Raoyang County

MA Mingjun(), SHI Meiliang, CHANG Shudong()   

  1. Raoyang National Climate Observatory, Raoyang, Hebei 053900
  • Received:2025-10-17 Revised:2025-12-23 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

摘要:

本研究旨在分析气候变化背景下,饶阳县葡萄关键生育期农业气候资源的变化特征及其对当地葡萄产业的影响。基于饶阳国家气候观象台1957—2023年逐日气象数据,采用内插法、线性趋势分析等方法,研究饶阳县葡萄生育期内热量、降水、光照、湿度、风力等农业气候资源的演变规律,并结合未来发展趋势研判其影响。结果表明:饶阳县热量资源稳定,葡萄各生育期平均气温适宜,均温稳定通过10℃持续日数及有效积温呈持续上升趋势;降水资源不稳定,葡萄萌芽期降水偏少,果实生长期降水偏多,未来变化趋势不显著;光照资源满足葡萄生长需求,日均日照时数、日照百分率呈显著下降趋势;空气湿度呈波动变化,变化趋势不显著,葡萄着色成熟期空气湿度相对较高;4、5月风力相对偏大,2 min平均风速整体呈显著下降趋势。综上,气候变化通过改变农业气候资源结构,对饶阳县葡萄产业产生“利导+胁迫”双重影响:热量条件的提升为晚熟品种引进、延长生育期提供了潜力,但降水资源的不稳定、光照减少、成熟期高湿等问题对生产管理构成挑战,建议强化气象监测与预警能力,构建智慧水肥管理系统,科学调整品种与栽培模式,建立绿色病虫害防控体系,推进设施农业与气候适应性技术融合。

关键词: 气候变化, 农业气候资源, 葡萄, 生育期, 气象灾害防御

Abstract:

This research aimed to analyze the variations of agricultural climate resources during the key growth periods of grapes in Raoyang County and the influence of future climate change on the facility grape industry of Raoyang County. Based on the daily meteorological data from 1957 to 2023 of the Raoyang National Climate Observatory, methods such as interpolation and linear trend analysis were adopted to study the changes of agricultural climate resources during the grape growth periods in Raoyang County, to judge and predict the future development trend. The results showed that the heat resources in Raoyang County were stable, the average temperature in each growth period of grape was suitable, and the duration days and effective accumulated temperature of average temperature passing through 10℃ showed a continuous upward trend. The precipitation resources were unstable, and the precipitation in grape germination stage was less. However, the precipitation in fruit production stage was more, and the future change trend was not significant. The light resources satisfied the growth demands of grapes, while the average daily sunshine duration and the percentage of sunshine presented a remarkable downward trend. The air humidity fluctuated and the changing trend was not significant, the grape coloring and maturation period’s air humidity was relatively high. The wind force in April and May was relatively strong, and the 2-minute average wind speed showed a significant downward trend overall. In summary, climate change exerts a dual impact of “beneficial guidance + stress” on the grape industry in Raoyang County by altering the structure of agricultural climatic resources. The improvement of heat conditions is conducive to the cultivation of late-maturing varieties, and the instability of precipitation resources has higher requirements for the irrigation and water control systems in the vineyards, which is recommended to enhance the meteorological monitoring capabilities in the planting area and regulate soil moisture scientifically.

Key words: climate change, agricultural climate resources, grapes, fertility period, meteorological disaster prevention