微生物介导的甲烷氧化研究进展及其在水产养殖中的展望

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0756

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 202-210.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0756

微生物介导的甲烷氧化研究进展及其在水产养殖中的展望

张宏飞¹^,²(), 徐慧敏²(), 李丹丹², 陆尚明³, 方龙香², 刘祝萍², 杨振³, 高宇航², 张莉³, 宋超², 孟顺龙¹^,²()

¹ 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，江苏无锡 214128
² 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/农业部水产品质量安全环境因子风险评估实验室，江苏无锡 214081
³ 江苏省渔业技术推广中心，南京 210036

收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2026-02-23 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
通讯作者:
徐慧敏，女，1993年出生，江苏兴化人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：水域微生物生态学。通信地址：214128 江苏省无锡市滨湖区薛家里69号南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，E-mail：xuhuimin@ffrc.cn；
孟顺龙，男，1982年出生，安徽颍上人，研究员，博士生导师，博士，研究方向：渔业环境保护、水产健康养殖等。通信地址：214128 江苏省无锡市滨湖区薛家里69号南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，E-mail：mengsl@ffrc.cn。
作者简介:
张宏飞，男，2001年出生，山西晋中人，研究生，研究方向：渔业环境保护。通信地址：214128 江苏省无锡市滨湖区薛家里69号南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，E-mail：18306852461@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“养殖池塘的反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化过程及其微生物机理研究”(32301342); 中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助“长江渔业生态环境监测与修复创新团队项目”(2023TD18)

Research Progress on Microbial-Mediated Methane Oxidation and Its Prospects in Aquaculture

ZHANG Hongfei¹^,²(), XU Huimin²(), LI Dandan², LU Shangming³, FANG Longxiang², LIU Zhuping², YANG Zhen³, GAO Yuhang², ZHANG Li³, SONG Chao², MENG Shunlong¹^,²()

¹ Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214128
² Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081
³ Jiangsu Province Fisheries Technology Promotion Center, Nanjing 210036

Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2026-02-23 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲烷(CH₄)作为重要的温室气体，其大量排放是导致全球气候变暖的关键因素之一。因此，甲烷减排对缓解温室效应具有重要意义。养殖池塘作为典型的浅水生态系统，是易被忽视的甲烷排放源。池塘沉积物富含外源有机质，通过微生物介导的碳氮循环耦合作用，成为碳氮生物地球化学循环的关键区域。然而，目前关于养殖池塘中微生物驱动的甲烷氧化过程及其调控机制仍缺乏系统认知。本研究系统综述了好氧甲烷氧化及厌氧甲烷氧化的研究进展，重点阐述了甲烷氧化微生物的群落组成、代谢机制、生态分布特征及其环境影响因素，归纳了甲烷氧化潜在速率的测定方法。在此基础上，针对养殖池塘生态系统的特殊性，提出了该领域未来研究的重点方向，旨在为水产养殖业的甲烷减排和绿色可持续发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 好氧甲烷氧化, 厌氧甲烷氧化, 室内培养, 养殖池塘

Abstract:

As an important greenhouse gas, methane (CH₄) emission contributes significantly to global warming, and methane emission reduction is important for mitigating the greenhouse effect. The aquaculture pond, as a typical shallow water ecosystem, is an easily overlooked source of methane emission. Pond sediments are rich in exogenous organic matter, which is the key area for carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycling through microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen cycle coupling. However, there is still a lack of systematic knowledge about microbially driven methane oxidation processes and their regulatory mechanisms in aquaculture ponds. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation, focused on the community composition, metabolic mechanism, ecological distribution characteristics of methane-oxidizing microorganisms and their environmental influences, and summarized the methods for determining the potential rate of methane oxidation. On this basis, the key directions for future research in this field are proposed in view of the special characteristics of aquaculture pond ecosystems, aiming to provide scientific basis for methane emission reduction and green sustainable development in aquaculture.

Key words: aerobic methane oxidation, anaerobic methane oxidation, indoor incubation, aquaculture ponds

中图分类号:

S917.1水产微生物学

张宏飞, 徐慧敏, 李丹丹, 陆尚明, 方龙香, 刘祝萍, 杨振, 高宇航, 张莉, 宋超, 孟顺龙. 微生物介导的甲烷氧化研究进展及其在水产养殖中的展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(11): 202-210.

ZHANG Hongfei, XU Huimin, LI Dandan, LU Shangming, FANG Longxiang, LIU Zhuping, YANG Zhen, GAO Yuhang, ZHANG Li, SONG Chao, MENG Shunlong. Research Progress on Microbial-Mediated Methane Oxidation and Its Prospects in Aquaculture[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(11): 202-210.

图/表 4

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类型	门（纲）	属（种）	特征
Ⅰ型（Ⅹ型）	γ-变形菌纲	甲基单胞菌属(Methylomona)、甲基球菌属(Methylococcus)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacter)、甲基微菌属(Methylomicrobium)、Methylosphaera、甲基热菌属(Methylothermus)、Methylohalobius、甲基暖菌属(Methylocaldum)、甲基八叠球菌属(Methylosarcina)、Methylosoma	通过颗粒型甲烷单加氧酶氧化底物，作用底物多为低碳烃，在低甲烷浓度中适应性强
Ⅱ型	α-变形菌纲	甲基弯曲菌属(Methylosinus)、甲基胞囊菌属(Methylocystis)、甲基帽菌属(Methylocapsa)、Methylocella、Methyloferula	通过可溶性甲烷单加氧酶氧化底物，底物范围广，对于环境变化抵抗力更强
Ⅲ型	疣微菌门	Methylokorus infernorum、Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum、 Methyloacida kamchatkensis	分布于极端环境中

类型	门（纲）	属（种）	特征
Ⅰ型（Ⅹ型）	γ-变形菌纲	甲基单胞菌属(Methylomona)、甲基球菌属(Methylococcus)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacter)、甲基微菌属(Methylomicrobium)、Methylosphaera、甲基热菌属(Methylothermus)、Methylohalobius、甲基暖菌属(Methylocaldum)、甲基八叠球菌属(Methylosarcina)、Methylosoma	通过颗粒型甲烷单加氧酶氧化底物，作用底物多为低碳烃，在低甲烷浓度中适应性强
Ⅱ型	α-变形菌纲	甲基弯曲菌属(Methylosinus)、甲基胞囊菌属(Methylocystis)、甲基帽菌属(Methylocapsa)、Methylocella、Methyloferula	通过可溶性甲烷单加氧酶氧化底物，底物范围广，对于环境变化抵抗力更强
Ⅲ型	疣微菌门	Methylokorus infernorum、Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum、 Methyloacida kamchatkensis	分布于极端环境中

类型	电子受体	反应式	吉布斯自由能/(kJ/mol)
好氧型	氧气(O₂)	CH₄+2O₂→CO₂+2H₂O	-858.7
硫酸盐还原型	硫酸盐(SO₄²)	CH₄+SO₄^2-→HCO₃^-+HS^-+H₂O	-16.6
反硝化型	硝酸盐(NO₃^-)	CH₄+4NO₃^-→CO₂+4NO₂^-+2H₂O	-483.4
反硝化型	亚硝酸盐(NO₂^-)	3CH₄+8NO₂^-+8H⁺→3CO₂+4N₂+10H₂O	-928.0
金属还原型	铁离子(Fe³⁺)	CH₄+8Fe³⁺+3H₂O→HCO₃^-+8Fe²⁺+9H⁺	-418.3
	锰离子(Mn⁴⁺)	CH₄+4MnO₂+7H⁺→HCO₃^-+4Mn²⁺+5H₂O	-556.0
	铬离子(Cr⁶⁺)	3CH₄+4Cr₂O₇^2-+32H⁺→8Cr³⁺+CO₂+22H₂O	-878.8
其他类型	硒酸盐(SeO₄^2-)	3CH₄+4SeO₄^2-+8H⁺→4Se+3CO₂+10H₂O	—
	蒽醌‐2,6‐二磺酸盐(AQDS)	CH₄+4AQDS+3H₂O→HCO₃^-+H⁺+4AQH₂DS	-41.0
	高氯酸盐(ClO₄^-)	CH₄+ClO₄^-→HCO₃^-+Cl^-+H⁺+H₂O	-859.9

类型	电子受体	反应式	吉布斯自由能/(kJ/mol)
好氧型	氧气(O₂)	CH₄+2O₂→CO₂+2H₂O	-858.7
硫酸盐还原型	硫酸盐(SO₄²)	CH₄+SO₄^2-→HCO₃^-+HS^-+H₂O	-16.6
反硝化型	硝酸盐(NO₃^-)	CH₄+4NO₃^-→CO₂+4NO₂^-+2H₂O	-483.4
反硝化型	亚硝酸盐(NO₂^-)	3CH₄+8NO₂^-+8H⁺→3CO₂+4N₂+10H₂O	-928.0
金属还原型	铁离子(Fe³⁺)	CH₄+8Fe³⁺+3H₂O→HCO₃^-+8Fe²⁺+9H⁺	-418.3
	锰离子(Mn⁴⁺)	CH₄+4MnO₂+7H⁺→HCO₃^-+4Mn²⁺+5H₂O	-556.0
	铬离子(Cr⁶⁺)	3CH₄+4Cr₂O₇^2-+32H⁺→8Cr³⁺+CO₂+22H₂O	-878.8
其他类型	硒酸盐(SeO₄^2-)	3CH₄+4SeO₄^2-+8H⁺→4Se+3CO₂+10H₂O	—
	蒽醌‐2,6‐二磺酸盐(AQDS)	CH₄+4AQDS+3H₂O→HCO₃^-+H⁺+4AQH₂DS	-41.0
	高氯酸盐(ClO₄^-)	CH₄+ClO₄^-→HCO₃^-+Cl^-+H⁺+H₂O	-859.9

类型	微生物种类		其他
SAMO	ANME-1 ANME-2 ANME-3	ANME-1包含a、b等2个亚簇， ANME-2包含a、b、c、d等4个亚簇	ANME-1主要分布在深海和火山口区域，ANME-2在湿地、湖泊、稻田和垃圾填埋场均有分布，而ANME-3只在极端环境中被检测到
SAMO	SRB	主要包括Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus（DSS簇）和Desulfobulbus（DBB簇）	ANME-2和ANME-3与SRB耦合紧密，而ANME-1耦合较为松散
DAMO	ANME-2d	包含A、B、C等3个类群	A类由富集培养的古菌组成，在海洋和淡水环境中检测到其序列。 B类和C类分布在极端环境中
DAMO	NC10	包含A、B、C、D、E等5个类群	从富集培养物中鉴定出来的细菌均属于A类，B类和C类经常在自然环境中被检测到，D类在泥炭地表层检测到，E类通过富集培养得到
M-AOM	ANMEs	ANME-1、ANME-3、ANME-2a、ANME-2c、 ANME-2d	几乎所有的ANMEs类群都可以执行此功能
Others	ANME-2	ANME-2d	ANME-2d可以利用不同的电子受体

微生物介导的甲烷氧化研究进展及其在水产养殖中的展望

Research Progress on Microbial-Mediated Methane Oxidation and Its Prospects in Aquaculture

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