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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 60-57.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0156

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

温湿度对砂仁小花雌蕊上花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

李倩霞1(), 王延谦2,3, 李爽2,3, 丁帅3,4, 王艳芳2,3(), 张丽霞2,3()   

  1. 1 云南中医药大学， 昆明 650500
    2 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院， 药用植物研究所云南分所， 云南景洪 666100
    3 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院， 药用植物研究所云南分所，云南省南药可持续利用研究重点实验室， 云南景洪 666100
    4 滇西应用技术大学傣医药学院， 云南景洪 666199
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-14 修回日期:2026-05-11 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    王艳芳，女，1984年出生，副研究员，主要从事中药材栽培、育种方面的研究。通信地址：666100 云南省景洪市宣慰大道138号 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所，E-mail：；
    王艳芳，女，1984年出生，副研究员，主要从事中药材栽培、育种方面的研究。通信地址：666100 云南省景洪市宣慰大道138号 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所，E-mail：；
  • 作者简介:

    李倩霞，女，1997年出生，云南景洪人，在读硕士，研究方向：中药资源学。通信地址：666100 云南省景洪市宣慰大道138号 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省总工会职工创新项目，中华全国总工会职工创新项目“利用人工养殖蜂类提高砂仁授粉结果率的丰产技术研究”(2023250001); 云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项“云南省傣药南药资源保护与利用创新团队”(202405AS350020); 云南省重大科技专项计划“滇黄精、砂仁和草果种业创新研究”(202502AS100009); 国家重点研发计划“南药品控体系构建及数字化”(2022YFD1600304); 云南省重点研发计划“云南省国际科技特派员”(202403AK140014)

Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth on Pistils of Amomum villosum

LI Qianxia1(), WANG Yanqian2,3, LI Shuang2,3, DING Shuai3,4, WANG Yanfang2,3(), ZHANG Lixia2,3()   

  1. 1 Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500
    2 Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100
    3 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100
    4 School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan 666199
  • Received:2026-02-14 Revised:2026-05-11 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究环境温湿度对砂仁花粉萌发及花粉管生长的调控作用。通过采用苯胺蓝染色联合荧光显微技术，系统观测不同温湿度条件下砂仁小花雌蕊上花粉萌发与花粉管生长动态。结果表明，砂仁花粉在15~40℃温度范围和40%~100%湿度条件下均能萌发，在25~30℃条件下于2 h内完成萌发。花粉管生长对环境变化则极为敏感。在15℃低温、不同湿度(40%~100%)条件下，花粉管生长均完全受到抑制。在20℃条件下，花粉管生长受湿度变化影响。在25℃、30℃温度条件下，不同湿度(40%~100%)条件下，花粉管生长最佳，花粉管可在授粉后8~12 h内延伸至花柱基部，12~24 h内进入子房。当温度升至35℃，花粉管生长速度随湿度升高下降。在40℃高温、不同湿度(40%~100%)条件下，花粉管生长基本完全抑制。短期的低温(15℃)或高温胁迫(40℃)亦会抑制花粉管生长，特别是高温(40℃)高湿(≥80%)会完全抑制花粉管的生长。总体而言，砂仁花粉在萌发阶段表现出较强的环境耐受性，但花粉管生长对温湿度变化敏感，需避免极端温度（尤其高温高湿）。本研究结果可为砂仁田间量化温湿度管理、高温高湿预警管理、花粉管抗逆新品种选育等优化砂仁栽培技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 砂仁, 花粉萌发, 花粉管生长, 适宜温湿度, 胁迫温湿度

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory effects of environmental temperature and humidity on Amomum villosum pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Aniline blue staining combined with fluorescence microscopy was employed to systematically observe pollen germination and pollen tube growth dynamics on pistils of Amomum villosum florets under varying temperature and humidity conditions. Results indicated that pollen could germinate within a temperature range of 15-40℃ and humidity conditions of 40%-100%. Under conditions of 25-30℃, pollen completed germination within 2 hours. Pollen tube growth exhibited extreme sensitivity to environmental changes. At 15℃ low temperature and under varying humidity (40%-100%), pollen tube growth was completely inhibited. At 20℃, pollen tube growth was influenced by humidity changes. Optimal pollen tube growth occurred at 25℃ and 30℃ under varying humidity (40%-100%) conditions. Pollen tubes extend to the base of the style within 8-12 hours post-pollination and enter the ovary within 12-24 hours. At 35℃, pollen tube growth rate decreased with increasing humidity. At 40°C under varying humidity levels (40%-100%), pollen tube growth was nearly completely inhibited. Short-term low-temperature (15℃) or high-temperature (40℃) stress also inhibited pollen tube growth, particularly under high-temperature (40℃) and high-humidity (≥80%) conditions, which completely suppress pollen tube development. Amomum villosum pollen exhibited strong environmental tolerance during germination, but pollen tube growth was sensitive to temperature and humidity fluctuations. Extreme temperatures (especially high temperatures and high humidity) should be avoided. These findings provide theoretical support for optimizing Amomum villosum cultivation management techniques, including quantitative temperature and humidity management in the field, high-temperature and high-humidity early warning systems, and the breeding of new pollen tube stress-resistant varieties.

Key words: Amomum villosum, pollen germination, pollen tube elongation, optimal temperature and humidity, temperature and humidity stress

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