欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 136-146.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0501

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于标准化降水指数的大理州干旱时空特征分析

张国兴1(), 马芳1(), 袁玉2, 罗晋1, 邓吉波1   

  1. 1 云南省气象数据中心, 昆明 650034
    2 云南省气象服务中心, 昆明 650034
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-18 修回日期:2026-04-11 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    马芳,女,1980年出生,云南华坪人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:综合气象观测。通信地址:650034 云南省昆明市西山区西昌路77号 云南省气象数据中心,Tel:0871-64189664,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张国兴,男,1996年出生,云南昭通人,工程师,硕士,研究方向:综合气象观测。通信地址:650034 云南省昆明市西山区西昌路77号 云南省气象数据中心,Tel:0871-64189664,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室开放课题“昆明准静止锋特征多源立体观测研究”(2023KLAS12M); 贵州省科技计划项目“基于遥感技术的云贵准静止锋垂直观测研究”(黔科合支撑[2023]一般165); 中国气象局-成都信息工程大学人工影响天气联合研究中心开放课题“基于GNSS-微波辐射计协同的三维水汽层析及其在云南人影作业中的应用”(2025RGYXTQ011)

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought in Dali Prefecture Based on Standardized Precipitation Index

ZHANG Guoxing1(), MA Fang1(), YUAN Yu2, LUO Jin1, DENG Jibo1   

  1. 1 Yunnan Meteorological Data Center, Kunming 650034
    2 Yunnan Center of Meteorological Service, Kunming 650034
  • Received:2025-06-18 Revised:2026-04-11 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

近年来,大理州干旱灾害频发且呈现出复杂多变的态势,对农业可持续发展构成长期威胁。研究大理州干旱的发生规律与发展趋势,能够为大理州干旱的预防监测提供科学依据。本文利用大理州12个气象站点1965—2024年的逐月降水数据,计算了年尺度和季尺度的SPI值,基于干旱频率、干旱强度和干旱站次比3个指标,分析了大理州年、季两个时间尺度的气象干旱时空变化特征。研究表明:(1)年尺度下,大理州年干旱平均频率为32.22%,其中西北部、中部和东南部重旱、特旱频率相对较高;季尺度下,干旱平均频率在29.17~30.28%之间,春旱、秋旱和冬旱的频率相对较高,夏旱的频率略低。(2)从干旱等级来看,年尺度和季尺度干旱的类型均以轻旱和中旱为主;强度变化方面,年尺度、夏季和秋季干旱强度呈上升趋势;春季和冬季干旱强度呈下降趋势。(3)干旱范围方面,年尺度和季尺度均以局域性和全域性干旱为主;年尺度、夏季和秋季干旱范围呈上升趋势,春季和冬季干旱范围呈下降趋势。(4)总体来看,大理州干旱强度与干旱影响范围均呈上升趋势,干旱正朝着高强度、大范围的态势发展;近年来,重旱与特旱等极端干旱事件的发生频率有所增加,干旱影响范围及强度亦呈现增强趋势。研究结果可为大理州的气象干旱监测与防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 大理州, 气象干旱, 标准化降水指数, 干旱频率, 干旱强度

Abstract:

The frequent and complex drought disasters in Dali Prefecture in recent years have posed a long-term threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. Studying the occurrence patterns and development trends of droughts in Dali Prefecture can provide a scientific basis for drought prevention and monitoring. Using the monthly precipitation data from 12 meteorological stations in Dali Prefecture, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) values at different time scales from 1965 to 2024 were calculated for each station. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of droughts at annual and seasonal time scales in Dali Prefecture were analyzed based on three indicators: drought frequency, drought intensity, and drought station proportion. The results show that: (1) the average annual drought frequency in Dali Prefecture is 32.22%, with relatively higher frequencies of severe and extreme droughts in the northwestern, central, and southeastern regions. The average seasonal drought frequency ranges from 29.17% to 30.28%, with relatively higher frequencies of spring, autumn, and winter droughts, and slightly lower summer drought frequency. (2) From the view of drought level, droughts at both annual and seasonal scales are dominated by light and moderate droughts. The intensities of annual, summer, and autumn droughts show an upward trend, while the intensities of spring and winter droughts show a downward trend. (3) From the aspect of drought range, the scopes of droughts at both annual and seasonal scales are mainly characterized by localized and region-wide droughts. The scopes of annual, summer, and autumn droughts show an upward trend, while the scopes of spring and winter droughts show a downward trend. (4) Overall, both the drought intensity and the drought station proportion in Dali Prefecture show an upward trend, indicating that droughts are developing towards higher intensity and larger scope. In recent years, the proportion of extreme droughts such as severe and extreme droughts has increased, and the impact scope and intensity of droughts have also shown an increasing trend. The research results can provide a scientific basis for drought monitoring and disaster prevention and mitigation measures in Dali Prefecture.

Key words: Dali Prefecture, meteorological drought, standardized precipitation index, drought frequency, drought intensity

中图分类号: