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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 128-135.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0972

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

河北省农业气象灾害时序变化特征及对极端气候指数的响应

常舒冬(), 石美亮, 马明君   

  1. 饶阳国家气候观象台, 河北衡水 053900
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-09 修回日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 作者简介:

    常舒冬,女,1975年出生,河北定兴人,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:综合气象业务和农业气象服务。通信地址:053900 河北省衡水市饶阳国家气候观象台,Tel:0318-7221559,E-mail:

Temporal Variation Characteristics of Agrometeorological Disasters in Hebei and Their Response to Extreme Climate Indices

CHANG Shudong(), SHI Meiliang, MA Mingjun   

  1. Raoyang National Climate Observatory, Hengshui, Hebei 053900
  • Received:2025-12-09 Revised:2026-04-30 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

为了量化河北省农业气象灾害多年变化规律及其与极端气候指数的关系,本研究基于1981—2023年河北省气象观测资料和河北省统计局农业气象灾害资料,采用一元线性回归和相关性分析等方法,研究了几种常见农业气象灾害时序变化特征及其对极端气候指数的响应。结果表明:(1)研究年份内旱灾占比最高,变化趋势呈先升后降,风雹灾和水灾其次,呈缓慢下降,冷冻灾占比最低,呈缓慢上升;(2)极端最高气温上升,极端最低气温下降,霜冻日数显著下降,年降水量和大雨日数微弱上升,日最大降水量微弱下降,大风日数显著下降后略有回升;(3)旱灾与年降水量和大雨日数呈显著负相关,与大风日数呈显著正相关,水灾与日平均温差呈显著负相关,与年降水量和降水强度呈显著正相关,风雹灾与日平均温差呈显著负相关,冷冻灾与日平均温差、霜冻日数和大风日数呈显著负相关。综上,河北省几种常见农业气象灾害主要受年降水量、降水强度、大雨日数、大风日数、日平均温差及霜冻日数等多个极端气候指标的综合影响。

关键词: 农业气象灾害, 时序变化, 特征, 极端气候指数, 响应

Abstract:

To quantify the multi-year variation patterns of agrometeorological disasters in Hebei and their relationship with extreme climate indices, based on meteorological observation data from 1981 to 2023 in Hebei and agrometeorological disaster data from Hebei Provincial Bureau of Statistics, this paper adopted methods such as simple linear regression and correlation analysis to study the temporal variation characteristics of several common agrometeorological disasters and their responses to extreme climate indices. The results showed that: (1) during 1981-2023, drought accounted for the highest proportion with a trend of increasing first and then decreasing; wind-hail disasters and flood disasters ranked second, showing a slow decline; freezing disasters accounted for the lowest proportion and exhibited a slow increase; (2) the extreme maximum temperature increased, the extreme minimum temperature decreased; the number of frost days decreased significantly; annual precipitation and the number of heavy rain days increased slightly, the daily maximum precipitation decreased slightly; and the number of strong wind days decreased significantly before rising slightly; (3) drought was significantly negatively correlated with annual precipitation and the number of heavy rain days, and significantly positively correlated with the number of strong wind days; flood was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature difference, and significantly positively correlated with annual precipitation and precipitation intensity; wind-hail disaster was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature difference; freezing disaster was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature difference, the number of frost days and the number of strong wind days. In short, several common agricultural meteorological disasters in Hebei are mainly affected by annual precipitation, precipitation intensity, heavy rain days, strong wind days, daily mean temperature difference, and frost days.

Key words: agrometeorological disasters, temporal variation, characteristics, extreme climate indices, response

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