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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 105-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0793

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

42份桑树种质资源表型及叶片营养品质的分析

廖源源1,2(), 郑章云1, 张梓韬1,2, 陈力3, 夏川林4, 任杰群1(), 谭立新1   

  1. 1 重庆三峡农业科学院, 重庆万州 404155
    2 重庆三峡学院, 重庆万州 404100
    3 重庆市万州区经济作物发展中心, 重庆万州 404120
    4 四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所, 四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-12-25 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    任杰群,女,1988年出生,四川绵阳人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向蚕桑及植物保护。通信地址:404155 重庆市万州区厦门路600号 重庆三峡农业科学,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    廖源源,女,1999年出生,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向蚕桑资源利用。通信地址:404155 重庆市万州区厦门路600号 重庆三峡农业科学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    重庆市农业农村委员会项目“重庆市现代农业产业技术体系蚕桑创新团队”(CQMAITS202511); 重庆市商务委员会茧丝绸发展项目“果桑园施肥状况及测土施肥技术研究”(20250319143150100)

Analysis of Phenotypic and Leaf Nutritional Traits of 42 Mulberry Germplasm Resources

LIAO Yuanyuan1,2(), ZHENG Zhangyun1, ZHANG Zitao1,2, CHEN Li3, XIA Chuanlin4, REN Jiequn1(), TAN Lixin1   

  1. 1 Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404155
    2 Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100
    3 Economic Crop Development Center of Wanzhou District, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404120
    4 Sericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-12-25 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

摘要:

为解决桑树种质资源表型与营养品质综合评价不足、优质种质筛选缺乏依据的问题,以重庆市万州区重庆三峡农科院桑树种质资源圃42份桑树种质为材料,测定18项表型定性形态、9项表型定量形态及6项叶片品质特性等指标,进行遗传多样性、聚类、主成分和相关性分析。结果表明:(1)表型性状中,叶面、叶基、冬芽颜色等定性性状多样性丰富,叶长、叶宽、叶形指数和叶肉厚度定量性状变异显著(变异系数7.68%~37.61%)。(2)营养品质差异明显,粗蛋白含量最高达256.91 mg/g(‘保坎61’),粗纤维含量14.81%(‘孟简5号’)。(3)聚类分析将42份桑树种质分为7个类群,B、C、E类聚集的种质资源最多。(4)主成分分析提取6个主成分,前5个主成分特征值大于1,6个成分特征值累计贡献率达到81.96%,叶长、叶片大小、粗蛋白、粗脂肪为核心影响指标。(5)表型性状之间相关性显著,叶片表型和营养品质指标相关性较弱。综上,42份桑树种质资源的表型、叶片营养品质表现出丰富的性状差异。后续可扩大种质样本量,补充果实品质、抗逆性等指标,完善综合评价体系,为桑树育种与产业应用提供更全面支撑。

关键词: 桑树, 种质资源, 表型特征, 营养品质, 相关性分析, 性状差异

Abstract:

To address the insufficient comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits and leaf nutritional quality in mulberry (Morus spp.) germplasm and the lack of criteria for selecting superior accessions, 42 mulberry accessions conserved at the Mulberry Germplasm Repository of the Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Wanzhou, Chongqing) were evaluated. Eighteen qualitative phenotypic traits, nine quantitative phenotypic traits, and six leaf nutritional quality traits were measured, and genetic diversity analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis were conducted. The results showed that: (1) among phenotypic traits, qualitative traits such as leaf surface, leaf base, and winter bud color exhibited high diversity, while quantitative traits including leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape index, and mesophyll thickness showed significant variation, with coefficients of variation ranging from 7.68% to 37.61%; (2) leaf nutritional quality differed markedly among accessions, with the highest crude protein content reaching 256.91 mg/g and crude fiber content reaching 14.81%; (3) cluster analysis classified the 42 mulberry accessions into seven clusters, with clusters B, C, and E containing the largest numbers of accessions; (4) PCA extracted six principal components, of which the first five had eigenvalues greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 81.96%, with leaf length, leaf size, crude protein, and crude fat identified as the main contributing traits; (5) significant correlations were observed among phenotypic traits, whereas correlations between phenotypic traits and leaf nutritional quality traits were relatively weak. Overall, the mulberry germplasm exhibits abundant variation in phenotypic traits and leaf nutritional quality, providing a scientific basis for germplasm evaluation, breeding, and utilization.

Key words: Morus alba, germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, nutritional quality, correlation analysis, trait difference