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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0062

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

持续秸秆还田下氮肥调控对西辽河平原春玉米物质积累及根系特征的影响

李欣宇1(), 吴志宇1, 李维敏1, 赵宏哲1, 周林立1, 沈东萍2, 张玉芹1()   

  1. 1 内蒙古民族大学农学院， 内蒙古通辽 028000
    2 通辽市农牧业科学院， 内蒙古通辽 028015
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-21 修回日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者:
    张玉芹，女，1977年出生，内蒙古赤峰人，教授，博士，主要从事玉米高产高效栽培技术研究。通信地址：028000 内蒙古民族大学农学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李欣宇，女，2001年出生，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，硕士研究生，主要从事玉米高产高效栽培技术研究。通信地址：028000 内蒙古民族大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“东北西部春玉米、大豆轮作轮耕与秸秆促腐培肥全程机械化耕种技术研发”(2023YFD2301801)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation Under Continuous Straw Returning on Spring Maize Nutrient Accumulation and Root System Characteristics in West Liaohe Plain

LI Xinyu1(), WU Zhiyu1, LI Weimin1, ZHAO Hongzhe1, ZHOU Linli1, SHEN Dongping2, ZHANG Yuqin1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    2 Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028015
  • Received:2026-01-21 Revised:2026-03-23 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-15

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摘要：

为探究长期秸秆还田条件下氮肥减施对玉米物质积累及根系生长的影响，本研究在内蒙古通辽市开鲁县蔡家堡为试验点，以秸秆离田为对照，在连续8 a秸秆还田(SR8)的地块设置4个施氮水平：常规施氮(N4)、减施20%(N3)、减施30%(N2)、减施40%(N1)。通过测定不同施氮水平下玉米物质积累、根系条数、根冠比、根系分布及根系生物量占比，发现秸秆还田与氮肥用量对玉米生长有显著的交互影响。具体而言，相同施氮水平下，秸秆还田(SR8)处理的花前和花后物质积累量显著高于设秸秆不还田(NSR)处理，增幅达3.75%~13.81%。在秸秆持续还田8 a的基础上，减氮30%（N2水平）处理的玉米花前与花后物质积累量较N1与N4水平分别增加8.87%和5.06%；N2水平还显著改善了根系特征：吐丝期各土层根干重提高了1.10%~16.2%，40~60 cm土层根系占比提升1.6%；成熟期根冠比提高至5.01%。NSR条件下常规施氮（N4水平）有利于增加根条数，20~60 cm土层在适量减氮（N2水平）下达到最大根条数。综上，连续8年秸秆还田后，氮肥减施30%（N2水平）能提升玉米的物质积累、优化根系构型，促进根系下扎，有利于构建高效吸收的根系系统。该研究结果为秸秆还田条件下玉米氮肥的精准调控和减量增效提供了理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 秸秆还田, 氮肥减施, 根系特征, 根冠比, 根系分布

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of reduced nitrogen fertilization on maize biomass accumulation and root growth under long-term straw returning, this study was conducted at Caijiapu of Kailu County, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia. Using straw removal as the control, four nitrogen application rates were established on fields with 8 consecutive years of straw incorporation: conventional nitrogen application (N4), 20% reduced nitrogen (N3), 30% reduction (N2), and 40% reduction (N1). Corn biomass accumulation, root number, root-to-shoot ratio, root distribution, and root biomass proportion were measured under different nitrogen application rates with continuous straw incorporation. The results indicated that nitrogen application rates significantly influenced maize biomass accumulation and root characteristics under continuous straw incorporation. Pre- and post-flowering biomass accumulation showed that the SR8 treatment significantly exceeded the NSR treatment by 3.75%-13.81% at the same nitrogen rate. After 8 years of continuous straw returning, 30% nitrogen reduction (N2 level) increased pre- and post-flowering maize biomass accumulation by 8.87% and 5.06% compared to N1 and N4 levels, respectively. At the N2 level, root dry weight in the soil profile increased by 1.10%-16.2% during the silking stage, with the root proportion in the 40-60 cm soil layer rising by 1.6%. The root-to-shoot ratio at maturity increased to 5.01%. Under NSR conditions, adequate nitrogen application (N4) promoted root number increase, while moderate nitrogen reduction (N2 level) achieved maximum root number in the 20-60 cm soil layer. In summary, reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 30% (N2 level) after eight consecutive years of straw incorporation enhances maize biomass accumulation, optimizes root architecture, promotes deeper root penetration, and facilitates the development of an efficient root system. This provides theoretical support for achieving nitrogen efficiency gains through reduced fertilizer application under straw incorporation conditions.

Key words: maize, straw return to fields, reduced nitrogen fertilizer application, root system characteristics, root-to-shoot ratio, root distribution

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